tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22105713893894000042024-03-08T06:17:28.530-08:00Essays on writingCollege Essay Example Topic AAurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-73447481248320095742020-08-25T22:36:00.001-07:002020-08-25T22:36:07.863-07:00Moment to rememberA memorable second When I was youthful I realized I needed to have two youngsters when I got hitched, a kid and a young lady. I brought forth my first kid in 1998, a young lady who was untimely and afterward in 2001 my subsequent little girl tagged along. My significant other and I were extremely glad that we had two sound infants, yet we realized somewhere inside we despite everything needed to have a child, yet tragically we couldn't bear the cost of another youngster at that time.Many of our relatives were having kids, my sibling's better half had brought forth their child and afterward my sibling parents in law spouse had brought forth their child too. My significant other and I were amazingly cheerful for them, however we ached for our own child also. Numerous years passed by and our young ladies were growing up solid and solid and our vocations were working out in a good way and after numerous evenings of conversation my better half and I chose to go after a child of our own.I read such a significant number of books on the most proficient method to decide the sex of a kid and how to consider a kid. I conversed with such a significant number of more established relatives and heard so any fantasies on the most proficient method to make a kid that I got drained and Just said whatever God's arrangement is will be. After two months my better half and I discovered we were expecting our third youngster and afterward three additional months after the fact we went to our first ultrasound appointment.That day was an energizing day for our whole family, everybody needed us to have a kid as awful as we did, and they realized to what extent we paused and the amount It intended to us. My better half and I clasped hands while watching the screen, seeing our kid just because and tuning in to the solid heartbeat, at that point the inquiry came would you want to know the sex of your infant' my significant other and I said ââ¬Å"YESâ⬠simultaneously, and afterward we heardâ⬠¦ It's a BOY'!!!! Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-44626237713468022282020-08-22T06:03:00.001-07:002020-08-22T06:03:22.736-07:00Whatââ¬â¢s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target SchoolWhatââ¬â¢s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target School SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You may have heard that another SAT was discharged in March2016! Whatââ¬â¢s it out of? How would you know what a decent score is? How would you figure out what new SAT score you should be acknowledged toyour target school? I'llcover the entirety of this data beneath. New SAT Score Range The new SAT isscored out of 1600. There areonly be 2 areas rather than 3: Math and consolidated Writing and Language (rather than Math, Critical Reading, and Writing). Every one of the 2 segments isscored from 200 to 800, making the new composite SAT score go 400 to 1600. Change Between the Old SAT and New SAT While we donââ¬â¢t yet comprehend what the specific transformation will be, you can by and large foresee what the new inexact SAT score wouldbe by duplicating the old SAT score by 66.6% (since the new SAT isout of â⦠the same number of focuses as the old SAT). In case you're given separate scores by segment (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing), you can utilize an alternate expectation technique: Math area score + [(Critical Reading score + Writing score)/2] In layman's terms, normal Critical Reading and Writing and afterward add that normal to the Math score. This technique is increasingly precise on the grounds that it represents the way that Mathisweighted all the more vigorously on the new SAT(1/2 of your new composite score versus 1/3 of the old composite score). In 2014, the national normal SAT score was 1497. Utilizing the 66.6% count technique referenced above, I gauge the new normal SAT score will be roughly 998. The national 75th percentile is around 1700, so the new 75th percentile score will be around 1133. The national 90th percentile is around 1900, so the new 90th percentile score will be around 1267. In any case, a great score isn't simply superior to the normal. A decent SAT score relies upon whatcollege you would like to join in. Collegesââ¬â¢ SAT Score Ranges and What They Mean for You To discover what a decent new SAT score is for your objective schools, you should take a gander at collegesââ¬â¢ SAT score ranges. The score run shows what SAT scores conceded understudies got. Typically, schools show the scores from the latest candidate pool, so the scores will probably be as far as the old SAT (2400 scale). You'll have to change over the scores utilizing the count above. The score range will be written in one of two different ways as a 25th/75th percentile or a normal. The 25th percentile SAT score implies 25% of concedes scored at or underneath that number (or 75% of concedes scored higher). The 75th percentile SAT score implies 75% of concedes scored at or underneath that number (or 25% of concedes scored higher). The normal SAT is the normal of all admitsââ¬â¢ SAT scores. Realizing the score reaches will cause you to comprehend what sort of score you should be a serious candidate to that schoolsince you'll recognize what SAT scores concedes got. Prior to making sense of your objective, you have to make sense of your objective universities. Make a List of Target Schools In the event that you donââ¬â¢t have a rundown of target schools as of now, make one! This rundown ought exclude your wellbeing schools. Asafety school is a school that you're practically sure you can get into with the SAT score and GPA you as of now have. This rundown ought to incorporate the more specific universities that you would like to join in. You ought to reject wellbeing schools from this rundown since you need to design your objective SAT score for the universities with the most noteworthy SAT models. On the off chance that you meet or surpass their SAT models, you will in all likelihood be admitted to your security schools. After you have made your rundown of the more particular universities, draw a table with 3 sections with the accompanying titles: School Name 25th Percentile or Normal SAT 75th Percentile/ Target Score Fill in your objective schools under school name as I did beneath: School Name 25th Percentile or Normal SAT 75th Percentile/ Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University Under the 25th percentile or normal SAT, you'll compose either the 25th percentile or normal SAT score for that school. As I referenced before, schools will just give you one. Whichever they give you, compose that number in the center segment (you'll have to re-ascertain it for the new SAT, which I will clarify in detail underneath). Under 75th percentile/target score, you put the collegeââ¬â¢s 75th percentile score (on the off chance that they give it). For schools that lone give normal SAT, you'll be figuring an objective score. I'll disclose how to ascertain the objective score later on. Instructions to Find Your Target Collegeââ¬â¢s New SAT Score Range When you have your rundown, finding those collegesââ¬â¢ SAT score ranges is basic. You simply need to Google search ââ¬Å"[College Name] normal SATâ⬠or ââ¬Å"[College Name] SAT 25th/75th percentile.â⬠That will should lead you to the Freshman Admissions Profile for your objective school. In case you can't find a Freshman Admissions Profile for your objective school,check out our school affirmation requirementsdatabase to check whether we have the SAT data for your objective school. This is a screen capture from Yaleââ¬â¢s confirmation site: Yale gave the 25th/75th percentile SAT score for their green beans concedes. To inexact the 25th percentile composite SAT score for the new SAT in spring 2016, you need first to ascertain the current 25th percentile composite SAT score. Normal the 2 lower numbers for Writing and Verbal/Critical Reading together (which independently speak to the current 25th percentile SAT scores for those segments): (710 + 720)/2 = 715 At that point, add that number to thelower number for the Math segment (the 25th percentile SAT score for Math) 715 + 710 =1425, rounds to 1430 (the SAT is scored in units of 10) Do a similar math with the higher numbers (75th percentile score) to make sense of the composite 75th percentile SAT score. NOTE: certain schools call the 25th/75th percentile the center half scores. Be that as it may, the 2 numbers they give are the 25th/75th percentile scores. They consider it the center half since the 25th/75th percentile scores speak to the center half of SAT scores of concedes. Add this new data to your diagram: School Name 25th Percentile or Normal SAT 75th Percentile/ Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University 1430 1590 As I said previously, different schools will give you just the normal SAT score for concedes (asUC Berkeley does): Since UC Berkeley just gives a normal, you canââ¬â¢t realize what number of understudies scored above and underneath it, yet letââ¬â¢s accept about half scored above and half scored beneath. Letââ¬â¢s do a similar math as above to make sense of the estimated normal SAT score for the new SAT: (686 + 698)/2 =692 710 +692 = 1402, rounds to 1400 Fill that numberin under 25th Percentile or Average SAT, and leave the 75th Percentile/Target Score clear for the present. I'll disclose how to decide atarget score for school's with arrived at the midpoint of scores later on. School Name 25th Percentile or Normal SAT 75th Percentile/ Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 Yale University 1430 1590 The most effective method to Calculate Your New SAT Target Score For the universities that give the 75th percentile, your objective score ought to be at or over the 75th percentile. (That is the reason I had you list the 75th percentile in a similar segment as target score. The 75th percentile is your objective score!) For the universities that lone disclose to you a normal composite SAT, I would focus on a score 100 focuses over the re-determined normal. For instance, for UC Berkeley, your objective score ought to be 1500. Fill in that number (the normal SAT in addition to 100 focuses) to your graph under 75th percentile/target score: School Name 25th Percentile or Normal SAT 75th Percentile/ Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 1500 Yale University 1430 1590 Why canââ¬â¢t you focus on a lower score close to the 25th percentile or closer to the normal? A non-unimportant number ofstudents are unmistakably acknowledged with those scores. Be that as it may, mostof the understudies acknowledged with lower scores are extraordinary candidates, including competitors, heritages, offspring of huge contributors, or understudies with exceptionaltalents, (for example, the champ of the national science reasonable). On the off chance that you arenââ¬â¢t in the ââ¬Å"specialâ⬠class, youââ¬â¢ll need a higher SAT score to support your odds of being admitted.The higher your SAT score, the more probable you will get in.For progressively evidence, look at Brown Universityââ¬â¢s affirmation information: For understudies with the most noteworthy score (800), 22.8% were conceded, which is a lot higher than the general Brown concede rate, 8.7%. As the scores decay (score somewhere in the range of 750 and 790), the studentââ¬â¢s possibility of affirmation drops by 5.7%, from 22.8% to 15.1%. A similar example holdsacross the different twosections and the composite.You presently know the higher your score, the better possibility you have of being acknowledged. In the event that you have an error in the ââ¬Å"Target Scoresâ⬠on your rundown (as I do above), which would it be advisable for you to focus on? Focus on the most elevated objective score on your list.That way when you arrive at the most noteworthy objective score, you will have the most obvious opportunity with regards to affirmation at all of your objective schools. In the event that you get a 1580 and apply to Yale and UC Berkeley, you have a brilliant possibility of being admitted to the two schools. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that you got a 1480 and applied to Yale, you would now be more averse to get in, as you would miss the mark concerning the 75th percentile score and be in the center half of concedes scores. How Exact Is the Conversion? What Does the Variation Mean for You? It Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-85141046421709540132020-08-10T09:39:00.001-07:002020-08-10T09:39:02.313-07:00Side Effects Linked With NortriptylineSide Effects Linked With Nortriptyline Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Nortriptyline Side Effects By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 11, 2019 ONOKY - Eric Audras / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant sometimes sold under the brand names Pamelor and Aventyl (other brand names exist outside the U.S.). The medication may be used in the treatment of mood disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders and also for some other conditions, including migraine headaches,?? bedwetting,?? and chronic pain.?? As with all prescription drugs, nortriptyline comes with the risk of certain side effects. Heres a guide to what you need to watch out for when taking this medication. Common Side Effects The most common side effects of nortriptyline include:?? DizzinessDrowsinessDry mouthHeadacheIncreased appetite, possibly with a craving for sweetsNauseaTiredness or mild weaknessWeight gainConstipationBlurred Vision Generally, these common side effects are mild and can be managed with lifestyle changes. If you find theyre problematic, persistent, or worsen over time, however, talk to your doctor. Potentially Serious Side Effects These side effects of nortriptyline arent very common, but theyre potentially serious when they do occur. If you experience any of these, contact your doctor about them right away. Less common (but potentially serious) side effects include:?? ConfusionSexual side effectsDifficulty in speaking or swallowingEye painFaintingFast or irregular heartbeat (such as pounding, racing, or skipping)Loss of balanceNervousness or restlessnessProblems urinatingStiffness of arms and legsIncreased liver functionsSeizuresManiaHallucinations Allergic reactions to nortriptyline are also rare, but possible. If you experience signs of an allergic reaction such as rash/hives, itching, swelling (especially of the face, lips, tongue, or throat), or trouble breathing, seek immediate medical care. Side Effects of Discontinuing Nortriptyline Never stop taking a medication without consulting your doctor. If you and your doctor decide you should stop taking nortriptyline, your doctor may recommend gradually tapering or reducing your dose as discontinuing the drug all at once can lead to discontinuation syndrome which include flu-like symptoms such as a headache, nausea, irritability, vomiting or diarrhea, restlessness, trouble sleeping, vivid dreams, and unusual excitement.?? Symptoms of Nortriptyline Overdose Its also possible to overdose on nortriptyline and other tricyclic antidepressants.?? Signs of overdose can develop quickly and require immediate medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose include: confusion; convulsions (seizures); disturbed concentration; severe drowsiness; enlarged pupils; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; fever; hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there); restlessness and agitation; shortness of breath or troubled breathing; unusual and severe tiredness or weakness; and vomiting. If any of these symptoms occur, seek emergency medical help. A Word From Verywell While most people who take nortriptyline do not experience serious side effects from the medication, even mild side effects can be bothersome. When starting a new medication or adjusting your dosage, be sure to note any new or worsening symptoms and discuss them with your doctor. Together you can develop a plan to get the most out of nortriptylines desired effects and manage unwanted side effects. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-22792962872375509882020-05-23T16:45:00.001-07:002020-05-23T16:45:04.981-07:00Definition, Usage, and Examples of Italics Italicsà is a style of typeface in which the letters slant to the right:à This sentence is printed in italics. (If youre writing something out in longhand, the equivalent of italics would be underlining.) Apart from the uses cited below for titles and naming conventions, italics are used to give emphasis to words and phrases in a sentence. For example, the question, Are you going to wear that? takes on an entirely different meaning if you italicize the last word: Are you going to wear that? Fast Facts: Italics From the Latin for ItalyVerb: italicize.Pronunciation: ih-TAL-iks Using Italics With Style Guides Although its important to use italics appropriately in formal, academicà writing, italic type is not always available in less formal communications, such as in emails and text messages.à Journalism, medical writing, and a variety of other forms of professionally written materials rely on one of several style guides including Associated Press or AP Style, American Medical Association (AMA) Style, and the Chicago Manual of Style. In addition, many corporations, websites, and publishing companies have their own style guides that must be adhered to for written communications. The use of italics varies from style to style. (For example, in AP Style, titles are put inside quotation marks rather than being italicized.) General Usage For books and academic work, the following general rules apply, however, its always a good idea to check if adherence to a particular style guide is required prior to embarking on any writing project. Italicize the titles of complete works: Albums and CDs:à 1989à by Taylor SwiftBooks: To Kill a Mockingbirdà by Harper LeeMagazines and journals (print and online): Sports Illustrated, Slate, andà Journal of LinguisticsNewspapers: The New York TimesMovies: The MartianPlays:à A Raisin in the Sunà by Lorraine HansberrySoftware programs:à Microsoft PowerPointà Television programs: Doctor WhoVideo games:à Grand Theft Auto VWorks of art: Nighthawksà by Edward Hopper The titles of comparatively short worksââ¬âsongs, poems, short stories, essays, and episodes of TV programsââ¬âshould be enclosed in quotation marks. As a general rule, italicize the names of aircraft, ships, and trains; foreign words used in an English sentence; and words and letters discussed as words and letters: These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise.ââ¬âTitle sequence from the original Star Trek series From 1925 to 1953, a passenger train named the Orange Blossom Special brought vacationers to sunny Florida from New York. There is no danger that Titanic will sink. The boat is unsinkable and nothing but inconvenience will be suffered by the passengers.ââ¬âPhillip Franklin, Vice President of White Star Line Come kiss me, and say goodbye like a man. No, not good-bye, au revoir.From Chats With Jane Clermont by William Graham Every word she writes is a lie, including and and the.ââ¬âMary McCarthy on Lillian Hellman As a general rule, use italics to emphasize words and phrasesââ¬âbut dont overwork this device: Then I started reading this timetable I had in my pocket. Just to stop lying. Once I get started, I can go on for hours if I feel like it. No kidding.à Hours.ââ¬âFromà The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, Observations Italics rarely fail to insult the readers intelligence. More often than not they tell us to emphasize a word or phrase that we would emphasize automatically in any natural reading of the sentence.ââ¬âFrom The Philosophy of Punctuation.à Opera, Sex, and Other Vital Matters by Paul Robinson, University of Chicago Press Think of italics as butterflies that might swoop across the page, allow them to flit about, land here and there, softly; gently; dont treat them as a blanket that must spread itself across the entire page. The butterfly approach will bring a dash of color; the blanket approach will darken everything.ââ¬âFrom Nobles Book of Writing Blunders (and How to Avoid Them) by William Noble, Writers Digest Books Underlining is to... handwritten papers what italics are to more formal publishing... Today the only widespread use of underlined text is to denote clickable links in Web documents. (The newspaper convention, which I use as a newspaperman and which was also a response to a technical inability to use italics, is quotation marks for book, movie, and other titles.)ââ¬âFrom The Elephants of Style by Bill Walsh, McGraw Hill Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-1798589770608039102020-05-12T14:00:00.001-07:002020-05-12T14:00:04.585-07:00Do Dreams Hold Meaning - 1284 Words Do Dreams Hold Meaning? When you dream, do you ever wonder if your dream holds meaning? Do you wake up in confusion, fear, wonder or feeling content? It seems as though the conversation about dreams and what they mean has blossomed into being a frequent topic of discussion. Have you ever noticed when you walk into a bookstore, there is an entire section dedicated to books about dreams? These books are to answer all of your questions, and solve all of your problems and worries. They are not always written by people who are superstitious, but by psychologists studying the subject. Could be combined Many people find comfort in these books, while others find it ridiculous and unreliable. It is notnââ¬â¢t unheard of to seek out advice about your dreams. For centuries, people have been going to investing in fortune-tellers or paying someoneor psychiatrists to identify interpret dreams for theirthat may reveal their futures. Because of the growing interest (need a transition here) Mmany psychologists have started to ask their patients about their dreams, trying to find an answer that could solve their real-life problems. But, in reality, ââ¬Å"the meaning is in the eye of the beholder- not in the dream itself,â⬠(Goleman, 1984). While dreams do hold meaning to the waking life, they are filled with hidden symbolic meanings as interpreted by the dreamer. Many people have the same type of dreams, so when researchers give a broad interpretation of what a certain thing/person/action represents,Show MoreRelatedA Dream Within a Dream Analysis907 Words à |à 4 PagesA Dream within a Dream By Edgar Allen Poe The poem ââ¬Å"A Dream within A Dreamâ⬠by Edgar Allen Poe is about how it feels to lose your hopes and your dreams all at once in a very sorrowful and frustrating manner. In the first stanza he is asking the reader if it matters that his purpose, motivation, and his love has been taken away by life itself and whether or not it was worth it. Although, with the lines ââ¬Å"All that we see or seem is but a dream within a dreamâ⬠has the meaning that what he thinksRead MoreThe Dreams Of Dreams By Carl Jung1632 Words à |à 7 Pagesduring the night, dreams occur. Some remember more than others. However, a dream is always present even if you may think it is not. The curiosity of dreams is what started the popularity of dream interpretation. People wanted to know what they meant and how they were getting there which drove psychologists to go out and study them. (The Dream Experience Chapter 1) Dreams are a very complex topic because of the various meanings for their appear ance. Theories vary from dream simply being apartRead MoreA long and stressful day can take a toll on the mind. The mind in return, takes a toll on itself.1100 Words à |à 5 Pagesthousands of years, the belief that dreams hold a secret meaning or message was believed since the beginning of history. Dream interpretations have dated back to 3000 B.C. Ancient Egyptian, Roman, and Greek civilizations would record their dreams believing they were significant to the meaning of their lives. The idea that dreams hold a secret message or can be foretold has been carried out to present day. ââ¬Å"Centuries ago, people in many cultures believed dreams were presented by an outside force andRead MoreFreuds Interpretation of Dreams1176 Words à |à 5 Pagesdiscontents, dreams, psychoanalysis and the unconscious. For this paper, I will be discussing Freudââ¬â¢s fundamentals of dreams, what dreams represents, how dreams are constructed and its significance while paying close attention to t he following areas of dreams, manifest and latent content, condensation and displacement, and censorship and repression. First, let examined the definition of dream according to Sigmund Freud ââ¬Å"dream is the disguised fulfilment of a repressed wish. Dreams are constructedRead MoreDarkness Poem Analysis1452 Words à |à 6 Pagessince everything he says is followed by an opposite. The idea that darkness conquers all in the end in Lord Byronââ¬â¢s poem is derailed because of his specific word choice and the chaos it brings to the poemââ¬â¢s overall meaning; the contradictory vocabulary completely cuts through any meanings and ultimately renders it as undecidable. My initial reading of this poem is that life has ceased or is ceasing to exist. Everything is deteriorating, people are trying their best to ignite light in a world of darknessRead MoreLinden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I Essay1442 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe American dream is possible but while achieving this dream, it causes some people to sell themselves out. This is significant because it shows that if the prize to achieve the dream is the loss of oneââ¬â¢s soul or compromise of oneââ¬â¢s standards, the price is too high to pay. Third, Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills but the power he holds goes to his head and he begins to care more about himself than others. This is relevant because life holds the most meaning and opportunityRead MoreEssay on Our Dreams Give Us Hope1169 Words à |à 5 Pagesof the world, Man has been searching for the meaning of life. He has looked everywhere but often failed to find it. The reason to live is to s avor life and to live one filled with joy. This is another problem Man has often faced: how to be happy. Most of us think that we are happy when everyone else is proud of us, when we have achieved something for them or done something for the rest of the world. We strive to accomplish what others expect us to do, whether it is our parents, our friends, or evenRead MoreDream Catcher826 Words à |à 4 PagesDream Catcher Dream catchers are highly respected in my household because we believe in their purpose and also we believe that they truly do work. I hope by the end of my essay you will completely understand what their purpose is and also why we value them in our household. I am going to tell you a little story and I am only going to tell you because it is winter and in our culture we can only pass on stories during the winter. Long ago in the ancient world of the Ojibwa Nation, the Clans wereRead MoreEssay about Poetry: Emotions in Words 1027 Words à |à 5 PagesPoetry is an art form of expression and emotions through words. It encompasses the writerââ¬â¢s mood and point of view about a certain idea. Two poems that demonstrate the use of emotions in words are ââ¬Å"Phenomenal Womanâ⬠by Maya Angelou, and ââ¬Å"A Dream within a Dreamâ⬠, by Edgar Allan Poe. Both of these poets are very important in the literary field even though their ways of writing contrast each other. Angelou is a revolutionist who is known around the world for her astounding stories of racism, familyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Dream By Langston Hughes905 Words à |à 4 Pagescomposed by him; and the ââ¬Å"Dreamâ⬠was one of his poems that manifested the strong co nception of his type. The poet establishes intriguing repetition and strands that based on the comparison and the relationship between cause and effect that aids the emphasis on the significance of keeping dreams and send to readers the consequence of losing their dreams that are that life will be exhausted and meaningless deeply if not having the dream. People let keep tightly their own dream, continue hope and never Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-77646020593781798892020-05-06T12:29:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:29:56.185-07:00Undocumented Students Free Essays Undocumented immigrants are foreign nationals who enter the United States without authorization or enter legally but remain in the United States without authorization. Undocumented youth and students usually have no role in the decision to come to this country; they are usually brought to this country by their parents or relatives. Brought by their parents to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Undocumented Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. as minors, many before they had reached their teens, they account for about one sixth of the total undocumented population. The United States Census Bureau estimates that in the year 2000, approximately 2. million undocumented youth under the age of eighteen were living in the United States. Some 65,000 undocumented students graduate from U. S. high schools each year. Illegal through no fault of their own, many undocumented students are honor students, athletes, student leaders, and potential professionals. As a result of their immigration status, these young people face more struggles than documented students, when looking to continue their education after high school. Struggles include not being eligible for federal money and not being legally able to obtain employment upon graduation. There is a conflict between Federal and State law regarding the eligibility of undocumented students for in-state tuition rates. Section 505 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 prohibits illegal aliens from receiving in-state tuition rates at public institutions of higher education. State and federal grants are awarded only to U. S. citizens or eligible non-citizens. To apply for a federal or state grant, one must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which requires the studentââ¬â¢s social security number. Federal student loans are also not available to undocumented students. Most high school seniors rely on federal money as most of their financial aid for college. Students see their peers receiving federal financial aid and do not know how they are supposed to go about looking for money. Then is the struggle of finding private money because some scholarships require that students have a social security number. Ultimately, the search of every senior student for college money is even harder for undocumented students because they do not have a social security number. Of the few illegal immigrants who overcome financial hurdles and graduate from American colleges, few can obtain jobs, creating a mall pool of unemployed illegal immigrants with college degrees, a minority within a minority. Applying for a job without legal status requires asking potential employers to sponsor them in obtaining American citizenship, something most employers are unlikely to do for job candidates. Most undocumented college graduates are ineligible for many professional careers. U ndocumented college graduates grow up in America, where they are taught to dream high and work hard to succeed in this nation but at the end of the day, those doors stop opening. Opportunity for advancement ends on graduation day, as undocumented college graduates try to find their way into a job market from which they are legally excluded. ââ¬Å"When youââ¬â¢re in school you have a place in society, youââ¬â¢re a university student,â⬠Jorge Garcia, DREAM Act supporter, said during an interview. ââ¬Å"When you graduate, youââ¬â¢re just an immigrant again. â⬠An immediate consequence, as a result of the extra work that undocumented students must put into their college application process, is that some students drop out of high school. These students find it easier to leave school and enter the working world. They are knowledgeable of the fact that, even with a college degree, they most likely will not find employment after graduation. Most undocumented students feel that beginning to work early in life is the only way they may become successful. It is estimated that only between 5 and 10 percent of undocumented high school graduates go to college. There is little incentive for them to finish high school, leading to high dropout rates. Thus, another consequence arises, the potential for them to become involved in gangs and illegal activities. Long term consequences include mental side effects. Cases of depression and suicide have resulted from a feeling of hopelessness for success. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in 15 to 24 year old Latinos, who make up the largest portion of undocumented students. A 2007 Center for Disease Control survey found that Latinos make up the largest portion of American high school students who tried to take their lives. It showed that 10. 2 percent of Latino high school student had tried to kill themselves, compared to 5. 6 percent of whites. Many undocumented immigrants are terrified of speaking to officials. There is a fear of deportation that makes many undocumented immigrant youth unwilling to seek depression treatment. Congress has not ignored undocumented studentsââ¬â¢ need for help in attending college and succeeding after college graduation. In 2001, Senators Orrin Hatch and Richard Durbin in the Senate, and Representatives Howard Berman and Chris Cannon in the House introduced the DREAM Act. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) addresses youth who were illegally brought to the United States but who have since grown up here, stayed in school, and kept out of trouble. To qualify for immigration relief under the DREAM Act, a student must have been continuously present in the United States for at least five years prior to enactment of the legislation or under fifteen years of age at the time of entry into the United States, and demonstrate good moral character. Once a qualifying student graduates from a U. S. high school, he or she is allowed to apply for conditional status that would authorize up to six years of legal residence. During this period, the student is required to graduate from a two year college, complete at least two years toward a four year degree, or serve in the United States military for at least two years. Permanent residence is granted at the end of the six year period if the student has met these requirements and has continued to maintain good moral character. Originally introduced in the Senate in 2001, the DREAM Act has fallen short of votes in Congress several times since. In its reintroduction, in 2007, it fell short by eight votes. More recently, the DREAM Act was reintroduced in the House and Senate in December 2010. With bipartisan support and President Barack Obama supporting the act, many undocumented students believe they are getting closer to their dreams of seeing the act pass. The number of undocumented students at the university level is low. Attending college, and even doing splendidly, does nothing to alter these studentsââ¬â¢ illegal status. The DREAM Act would offer a pathway to citizenship for many college students and members of the military. Supporters last year were unable to secure enough votes to prevent a filibuster of the bill. Supporters say it is inhumane and counterproductive to shun students who have come so far with so little. DREAM Act opponents of both houses of Congress say that undocumented students are looting limited educational resources that should go to citizens and legal residents. Republican Dana Rohrabacher, representative of Huntington Beach said, ââ¬Å"I hope you return to your home country right away, and I hope you repay what you have spent of other peopleââ¬â¢s money. Itââ¬â¢s a horrible crime. â⬠Most American high school graduates get the opportunity to test their dreams and live their American story. However, a group of approximately 65,000 youth do not get this opportunity. They are a group of young people stained with the inherited title ââ¬Å"illegal immigrant. â⬠These young people have lived in the United States for most of their lives and want nothing more than to be recognized for what they are, Americans. Illegal students are not eligible to receive any type of federal or state financial aid or grant money. They are unable to access higher education and even if they do, they are not legally able to obtain employment upon graduation. The United States is missing out on talented workers, and is losing vital tax revenues and other economic contributions. How to cite Undocumented Students, Papers Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-35321635589705443362020-05-02T15:31:00.001-07:002020-05-02T15:31:04.577-07:00Comparative Study of Mutual Funds and Bank Deposits free essay sample Comparison between mutual funds and fixed deposits is a long debate, especially when it comes to a comparison between fixed deposits and debt mutual funds. Even a few years ago, any conservative and risk averse investor would think investing in bank fixed deposits is better than mutual funds (debt or otherwise). Nevertheless, the market scenario has changed a lot in the recent years, and many a mutual funds family has come up with interest debt mutual fund schemes with guaranteed returns alongside capital appreciations. This makes the comparison between debt mutual funds versus fixed deposits more complex, and even the most risk averse investor (count my father! ) is led to think twice. That being said, whether you should invest in bank fixed deposits or debt mutual funds is no more a simple question as it used to be five-six years back, and needs a detailed examination and explanation. And, we at Mutual Funds Manager are here again to help you with a neutral comparison between fixed deposits and mutual funds. Arent we great? ðŸâ¢â So, mutual funds and fixed deposits, which is better? While only you can finally decide whether mutual funds or fixed deposit where to invest ââ¬â depending on your risk taking abilities, return expectations, and investment horizons ââ¬â let us try to analyse some key factors one by one and chalk out a comparison between bank FD and mutual funds. 1. Return on investments vary for mutual funds, but not bank deposits Needless to repeat, bank deposits offer you a fixed percentage of return, as would be agreed upon by the investor and the bank at the time of the investment. For example, if you put 50 thousand rupees in FD for 5 years and the agreed interest rate is 8% per annum, you will continue to enjoy the same interest rate throughout the tenure. On the other hand, debt mutual funds have no assured rate, and the return on investment for debt mutual funds depend completely on the market and the performance of the fund. Fluctuations in the money market impacts the NAV of the fund, thereby altering returns. Thus, a great advantage of bank fixed deposits is that, you will continue to earn the same interest rates even if the market goes down. Nevertheless, this very advantage of fixed deposits over mutual funds can actually turn out to be their great disadvantage. If the market goes up mutual funds will give more returns accordingly, but your FD will continue to yield in the same old rate. So, the actual question becomes, whether there is any chance of the Indian market going up in near future, especially following the recent recession? Yes, there is. At least, we think so. Market researches and predictions indicate that the Indian money market will go up in 2013, may get stagnant for a while in 2014, then taking another upward curve. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: For longer tenures, mutual funds are as good as fixed deposits, if not better. 2. Comparison between mutual funds fixed deposits: Inflation adjustment Inflation adjustment is a very important point while comparing mutual funds and fixed deposits. FDs dont come with inflation adjustment guarantees, and if the interest rate is lower than the inflation rate, you actually end up losing the value of your money. In the FY 2011-12, the inflation rate in India was 7%, while the interest rate for around 1 year tenure was something around 7% as well [6. % for ICICI and HDFC banks, 6. 75% for Citibank and HSBC, 7. 10% for Axis and Yes Bank and so on. Higher rates are there, but for lump-sum investments like 1 crore. ]. Thus, if you have invested in bank FDs for the last FY, you either failed to beat inflation or ended up with minimal inflation adjusted positive returns. On the other hand, at least half a dozen mutual funds yielded returns greater than 8% ( some as high as 12-14%), thereby giving you handsome inflation adjusted returns. Usually, mutual funds outrun inflation and always give positive, real returns. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Unless your fixed deposits give high interest rates like 9-9. 5%, mutual funds are better. 3. Mutual funds and fixed deposits: Capital appreciation When it come to capital appreciation, mutual funds are better than fixed deposits, because of the equity investment. In longer time periods, market changes result in increasing interest rates. And, your mutual funds manager is there with all the expertise and professionalism to ensure a better capital appreciation. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Debt funds. No second thought. 4. Mutual funds or fixed deposits, which one is more liquid? In terms of liquidity, these days both fixed deposits and mutual funds are almost same. Fixed deposits are actually meant for long lock in periods, but most banks allow premature withdrawals with a nominal penalty (usually 1%). The interest rate calculation for bank fixed deposit withdrawals is done on how long the money was parked. Mutual funds are equally liquid; you can take out any number of units within a couple of days. The return for premature withdrawal of mutual funds units is done on the prevalent NAV of the fund. Usually, there is an exit load of 1% for premature withdrawals before 1 year. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Almost equal. For premature withdrawals beyond 1 year, mutual funds are slightly better because of nil exit load. 5. Risk factor of mutual funds and fixed deposits The only reason why most investors prefer fixed deposits to debt mutual funds is the assured return of the capital. On the other hands, returns from investments in mutual funds are subject to the volatility of the market, and may result in low or even negative returns. An investor should be wise enough to judge the quality of the investment instrument and thereby minimizing risk factors. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: For an extremely risk averse investor, fixed deposits are the only risk-free investment options. However, less risk means less return. Now, you decide! 6. Cost of investments in mutual funds and bank fixed deposits Investing in bank fixed deposits costs nothing. On the other hand, there is a minimum charge for mutual funds investments management and fund distribution, borne by the investor irrespective of returns. In other words, no matter whether your return on mutual funds investments is positive or negative, you have to bear an expense as the fees of fund management. Sometimes, entry loads are there as well, but quite rarely. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Fixed deposits, since they have no entry load or management charges. 7. Tax benefits of debt mutual funds and bank fixed deposits Fixed deposits interests are considered incomes and come under income taxes (if you are taxable, of course). Moreover, there is a TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) at the rate of 10. 3% p. a. if your total cumulative interest on all FD is more than Rs. 10,000 in any financial year. Similarly, short term capital gains of debt funds are considered income and are accordingly taxable. For long term capital gains, tax is 10% without indexation or 20% with indexation. However, dividends received on debt mutual funds are tax free. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Mutual funds are better than fixed deposits in terms of tax benefits, unless the latter offers any special scheme that is exempted from IT. So, should you invest in mutual funds or fixed deposits? We repeat, this decision is yours. If you are young and come from the average middle and upper middle class (at least), you can supposedly take more risk and should go for investing in mutual funds. Mutual Fund:Mutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large and offer to sell and buy back its shares on a continuous basis and use the capital thus raised to invest in securities of different companies. In this your amount is invested in different companies according to percentage ratio. Below are our best reading on mutual fund: * What Mutual Fund do with investorââ¬â¢s Money * Concept of Mutual Funds * Benefits of Mutual Fund * What is Net Asset Value (NAV) * What Is Mutual Fund? * Post Office FD Vs Mutual Fund * Mutual Funds vs portfolio management When you deposit money with the bank, the bank promises to pay you a certain rate of interest for the period you specify. On the date of maturity, the bank is supposed to return the principal amount and interest to you. Whereas, in a mutual fund, the money you invest, is in turn invested by the manager, on your behalf, as per the investment strategy specified for the scheme. The profit, if any, less expenses of the manager, is reflected in the NAV or distributed as income. Likewise, loss, if any, with the expenses, is to be borne by you. Bank fixed deposits are more stringently regulated than are companies. They even operate under stricter requirements regarding Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) mandated by RBI. While the above are causes for comfort, bank deposits too are subject to default risk. However, given the political and economic impact of bank defaults, the Government as well as Reserve Bank of India (RBI) try to ensure that banks do not fail. Further, bank deposits up to Rs 1 lakh are protected by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC), so long as the bank has paid the required insurance premium of 5 paise per annum for every Rs 100 of deposits. The monetary ceiling of Rs 1 lakh is for all the deposits in all the branches of a bank, held by the depositor in the same capacity and right. Please Note: Bank fixed deposit is completely secure and gives a fixed return ââ¬â the interest earned is taxable. Mutual Fund debt instruments issued by corporates, banks, rbi. They are not completely secure (very little risk) the risk is mostly to returns since the return is not absolutely fixed, however returns are taxfree in the hands of the investor. Invest for long term in mutual fund SIP for more profit. What is meant by long term investment? Does it mean that buying at any price and wait for 3-4 years? Think twice. Give importance to Value; Give importance to Growth. Give importance to Price; these values are much more important statistics than Investment duration. Quote of the day: ââ¬Å"A long term investment is like marriage; medium term investing is like an extra-marital affair and intra-day trading is like that risky one-night stand. â⬠Best Reading. After several years, investors are finding that fixed deposit rates are climbing to respectable levels. While 90-day bank deposits are offering around 5 per cent returns, one-year deposits are yielding 7-8 per cent. As far as mutual funds are concerned, though the future of income funds, which invest in medium-and long-term debt papers, seems to be uncertain, short-term debt funds are giving returns in excess of 6. 5 per cent. On a post-tax basis, debt schemes fixed-maturity plans in particular seem to be the best option for investors looking for steady returns. Funds beat banks Even as banks are luring investors with higher fixed-deposit rates, mutual funds seem to be steeling a march over them with FMPs. The total assets under management under these schemes have nearly doubled this year. At the end of July, these schemes had a combined corpus of Rs 28,571 crore (Rs 285. 71 billion). According to industry sources, in August alone, 14 FMPs have so far been launched with varying maturity and the total collection is expected to be at least around Rs 4,000 crore (Rs 40 billion). The AMCs that have launched FMPs this month include Reliance, ABN AMRO, Principal, HSBC, UTI, HDFC, LIC, Prudential ICICI, JM Financial, DBS Chola and SBI. Essentially targeted at corporate and high networth investors, FMPs combine the tax efficiency of mutual funds with the safety of fixed deposits. The current rates on FMPs are as attractive as bank deposit rates and, thanks to the lower taxes on mutual funds, the post-tax returns on FMPs are better. Currently, 90-day FMPs are offering around 6. 85-7. 10 per cent, while one-year FMPs are generating around 8. 0 per cent pre-tax returns. HDFC Mutuals 26-month FMP yields 8. 45 per cent for corporate investors and 8. 10 per cent for retail investors. These schemes usually come with a quarterly or annual term, and the shorter-term schemes are a huge hit with corporate investors, who usually seek to lower the tax incidence. Mutual funds charge as low as 5-10 basis points as expenses, which is abysmally low. Even for retail investors in the top income tax bracket, these schemes make sense. The tax edge As dividends of mutual funds attract only a dividend distribution tax of 22. 4 per cent for corporates and 14. 03 per cent for individual investors vis-? -vis interest on deposits and corporate bonds, charged at the marginal income tax rate, mutual funds give better post-tax returns. High networth individuals have a lot of appetite for these schemes as they generate significantly higher post-tax returns, says Sameer Kamdar, national head mutual funds, Mata Securities. Furthermore, income from mutual fund units held for more than a year is deemed to be capital gains and, hence, qualifies for indexation benefit. This reduces the tax incidence even more. Thus, while a 8. 1 per cent, one-year FMP would yield a post-tax return of 7. 2 per cent for an individual investor in the top income tax bracket (if he opts for the growth plan), a bank fixed-deposit offering a similar rate would yield only 5. 37 per cent net of tax. Even if you opt for the dividend plan, which is less tax-efficient compared to the growth plan, for more than one-year time horizon, you would come up with a post-tax return of 6. 96 per cent. The post-tax returns indicated above are based an indexation rate of 4. per cent. For the uninitiated, indexation is a method wherein returns are deflated to the extent of inflation. The tax is calculated only on the inflation index-adjusted returns. The idea is that tax on long-term capital gains must be charged only on the real returns earned by an investor. The inflation index is published by the income-tax department every year. Similarly, 90-day FMPs, which offer 7 per cent, would yie ld a post-tax return of 6. 01 per cent. Currently, JM Mutual and LIC are offering rates upwards of 7 per cent. The risk factor Though FMPs are projecting fairly high yields, these are only indicative returns. They produce predictable returns over the desired timeframe since the maturity of the portfolio matches the tenure of fund schemes. Unlike other schemes that suffer from volatility and, hence, risk of erosion in asset value, an FMP structured as closed-end funds carries no interest rate risk. Whether yields rise or fall, the asset value of these schemes is protected as deposits/ bonds are held to maturity. Still, they do not guarantee returns as bank deposits where the interest is assured do. Though FMPs have delivered the returns they have indicated so far, there could be a risk of asset-liability mismatch, and the investor may not finally get exactly the indicated yield. Says Dhirendra Kumar, chief executive officer of Value Research, a Delhi-based mutual fund tracking firm, Since there is no guarantee on the returns that funds give, there is a risk that investors may or may not eventually get the returns indicated even in case of FMPs, which are otherwise quite predictable. Besides, if you lock in funds in an FMP you dont have the option of liquidating it prematurely. But in case of bank deposits, you can withdraw your money without any penalty. However, the interest rate you earn on the deposit would be based on the period the money is invested for. For instance, if you break a one-year deposit after three months, you would be entitled to the interest rate applicable for the three-month deposit and not the one-year rate. In fact, since bank deposits can be withdrawn without any penalty, it is an ideal time for investors to close their old deposit accounts yielding lower returns and renew them at the prevailing rates. Other debt funds With uncertainty on interest rates receding, debt markets have rallied over the past one month. The 10-year benchmark yield has declined from 8. 5 per cent in mid-July to 7. 91 per cent now, and this has propped up the returns on debt fund schemes. Most categories of debt funds have delivered returns in excess of 6 per cent. Particularly, medium-term gilt and debt funds have generated over 10 per cent returns. Should you then begin to relook at income funds? May be, not yet. Fund managers warn that this kind of returns may not be sustainable. On the contrary, the debt market rally looks overdone and the market may be in for some correction. And if that happens, income funds may be back to square one. Moreover, the risk-return factor, today, is strongly in favour of short-term funds. The return differential between medium-term and short-term debt funds is quite narrow, and the choice must be obvious given that short-term funds offer far greater stability and slightly lower returns, says Kumar. Over the past one-month, short-term funds have seen a surge in returns too. This category has given an average return of 7. 2 per cent, which again compares favourably with bank deposits on a tax-adjusted basis. Comparative Study of Mutual Funds and Bank Deposits free essay sample Compare which is better! Comparison between mutual funds and fixed deposits is a long debate, especially when it comes to a comparison between fixed deposits and debt mutual funds. Even a few years ago, any conservative and risk averse investor would think investing in bank fixed deposits is better than mutual funds (debt or otherwise). Nevertheless, the market scenario has changed a lot in the recent years, and many a mutual funds family has come up with interest debt mutual fund schemes with guaranteed returns alongside capital appreciations. This makes the comparison between debt mutual funds versus fixed deposits more complex, and even the most risk averse investor (count my father! ) is led to think twice. That being said, whether you should invest in bank fixed deposits or debt mutual funds is no more a simple question as it used to be five-six years back, and needs a detailed examination and explanation. And, we at Mutual Funds Manager are here again to help you with a neutral comparison between fixed deposits and mutual funds. Arent we great? ðŸâ¢â So, mutual funds and fixed deposits, which is better? While only you can finally decide whether mutual funds or fixed deposit where to invest ââ¬â depending on your risk taking abilities, return expectations, and investment horizons ââ¬â let us try to analyse some key factors one by one and chalk out a comparison between bank FD and mutual funds. 1. Return on investments vary for mutual funds, but not bank deposits Needless to repeat, bank deposits offer you a fixed percentage of return, as would be agreed upon by the investor and the bank at the time of the investment. For example, if you put 50 thousand rupees in FD for 5 years and the agreed interest rate is 8% per annum, you will continue to enjoy the same interest rate throughout the tenure. On the other hand, debt mutual funds have no assured rate, and the return on investment for debt mutual funds depend completely on the market and the performance of the fund. Fluctuations in the money market impacts the NAV of the fund, thereby altering returns. Thus, a great advantage of bank fixed deposits is that, you will continue to earn the same interest rates even if the market goes down. Nevertheless, this very advantage of fixed deposits over mutual funds can actually turn out to be their great disadvantage. If the market goes up mutual funds will give more returns accordingly, but your FD will continue to yield in the same old rate. So, the actual question becomes, whether there is any chance of the Indian market going up in near future, especially following the recent recession? Yes, there is. At least, we think so. Market researches and predictions indicate that the Indian money market will go up in 2013, may get stagnant for a while in 2014, then taking another upward curve. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: For longer tenures, mutual funds are as good as fixed deposits, if not better. 2. Comparison between mutual funds fixed deposits: Inflation adjustment Inflation adjustment is a very important point while comparing mutual funds and fixed deposits. FDs dont come with inflation adjustment guarantees, and if the interest rate is lower than the inflation rate, you actually end up losing the value of your money. In the FY 2011-12, the inflation rate in India was 7%, while the interest rate for around 1 year tenure was something around 7% as well [6. % for ICICI and HDFC banks, 6. 75% for Citibank and HSBC, 7. 10% for Axis and Yes Bank and so on. Higher rates are there, but for lump-sum investments like 1 crore. ]. Thus, if you have invested in bank FDs for the last FY, you either failed to beat inflation or ended up with minimal inflation adjusted positive returns. On the other hand, at least half a dozen mutual funds yielded returns greater than 8% (some as high as 12-14%), thereby giving you handsome inflation adjusted returns. Usually, mutual funds outrun inflation and always give positive, real returns. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Unless your fixed deposits give high interest rates like 9-9. 5%, mutual funds are better. 3. Mutual funds and fixed deposits: Capital appreciation When it come to capital appreciation, mutual funds are better than fixed deposits, because of the equity investment. In longer time periods, market changes result in increasing interest rates. And, your mutual funds manager is there with all the expertise and professionalism to ensure a better capital appreciation. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Debt funds. No second thought. 4. Mutual funds or fixed deposits, which one is more liquid? In terms of liquidity, these days both fixed deposits and mutual funds are almost same. Fixed deposits are actually meant for long lock in periods, but most banks allow premature withdrawals with a nominal penalty (usually 1%). The interest rate calculation for bank fixed deposit withdrawals is done on how long the money was parked. Mutual funds are equally liquid; you can take out any number of units within a couple of days. The return for premature withdrawal of mutual funds units is done on the prevalent NAV of the fund. Usually, there is an exit load of 1% for premature withdrawals before 1 year. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Almost equal. For premature withdrawals beyond 1 year, mutual funds are slightly better because of nil exit load. 5. Risk factor of mutual funds and fixed deposits The only reason why most investors prefer fixed deposits to debt mutual funds is the assured return of the capital. On the other hands, returns from investments in mutual funds are subject to the volatility of the market, and may result in low or even negative returns. An investor should be wise enough to judge the quality of the investment instrument and thereby minimizing risk factors. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: For an extremely risk averse investor, fixed deposits are the only risk-free investment options. However, less risk means less return. Now, you decide! 6. Cost of investments in mutual funds and bank fixed deposits Investing in bank fixed deposits costs nothing. On the other hand, there is a minimum charge for mutual funds investments management and fund distribution, borne by the investor irrespective of returns. In other words, no matter whether your return on mutual funds investments is positive or negative, you have to bear an expense as the fees of fund management. Sometimes, entry loads are there as well, but quite rarely. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Fixed deposits, since they have no entry load or management charges. 7. Tax benefits of debt mutual funds and bank fixed deposits Fixed deposits interests are considered incomes and come under income taxes (if you are taxable, of course). Moreover, there is a TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) at the rate of 10. 3% p. a. if your total cumulative interest on all FD is more than Rs. 10,000 in any financial year. Similarly, short term capital gains of debt funds are considered income and are accordingly taxable. For long term capital gains, tax is 10% without indexation or 20% with indexation. However, dividends received on debt mutual funds are tax free. Mutual Funds Managers Recommendation: Mutual funds are better than fixed deposits in terms of tax benefits, unless the latter offers any special scheme that is exempted from IT. So, should you invest in mutual funds or fixed deposits? We repeat, this decision is yours. If you are young and come from the average middle and upper middle class (at least), you can supposedly take more risk and should go for investing in mutual funds. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-68593922359150302022020-03-23T18:12:00.001-07:002020-03-23T18:12:03.049-07:00Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay ExampleTechnical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) Essay A copy of an original manuscript is called Apograph. ARCHIVES Organized body of public records or historical documents preserved in a repository. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A phrase inserted in a book signifying that its copy right is reserved and its violation will be actionable and that the privilege of reproducing it in any form will not be granted without the consent of the owner of the copyright. ASSOCIATED BOOK A book which is written about another book. AUTOGRAPH 1. A personââ¬â¢s signature. 2. A manuscript in the authorââ¬â¢s own hand writing. BASTARD TITLE (HALF TITLE) The brief title of a book in which the wordings of the full title is abbreviated and which is usually printed on a separate leaf preceding the main title page. BEST SELLER A current popular book in extensive demand and sold in large numbers. BIANNUAL A publication issued twice a year. BIBLIOLATORY Reverence and respect for books BIBLIOMANIA Madness for books. (Excessive passion for collecting and owing books). BIBLIOMANIAC One who suffering from bibliomania. BIBLIOPHILE A lover of books particularly of their format and physical make up. BIBLIOPEGIC A book binder, one who works to bind the books. BIBLIOTHECA Library is a place or building or store where collected books are arranged according to a systematic order. BIBLIOTHERAPY Cure of diseases with the help of reading books. BOOK RARITIES Scarce books of which only a few copies are available any where. BOOK REVIEW An evaluation of the contents, literary worth etc, especially a recently published book, published in a periodical or newspaper. BULLETIN A regular publication of an organization, society etc with a brief statement of the latest news concerning the issuing organization. BOOK We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Terms (Most Important and Concerned) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book is defined as a collection of sheet of papers written, printed or typed, string and bound to illustrate further the concept of book. It has many folded sheets of papers which continue writing. When the page number are 49 or more than 49 it will be named as book excluding the cover pages. When pages are less than 49it will be especially named as pamphlet (decided in General Conference of UNESCO 1964). A non periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of cover pages. UNESCO. Dr. P. N. Gour. BYNAME (NICK NAME) A fanciful name in addition to or in place of proper name. . g Hamidullah Jan is called Hameedi. CANCEL The corrected replacement of a cancelled leaf or leaves of a book containing a textural error. BIBLIOGRAPHY List of books and other reading material, which record the information, describe the information, disseminate the information and does not index the information, not being necessarily of one collection or library. BIENNIAL A publication issued o nce in two years. BI-MONTHLY A serial publication issued once in two months. BI-WEEKLY (FORTNIGHTLY) A periodical which is published once in two weeks. BLURB (BOOK JACKET, DUST COVER, BOOK COVER, WRAPPER) Publisherââ¬â¢s description and praise of a book usually printed on the front flap of a book jacket. BOOK Book is an acronym of ââ¬Å"Built in orderly organized knowledgeâ⬠. ââ¬Å"In education in Pakistanâ⬠written by Dr. R. A. Farooq. BOOK EXCHANGE An arrangement whereby a library exchanges its duplicate or discarded material with other library. BOOK LABEL (BOOK PLATE) A label pasted in a book to mark its ownership. CAPTION The heading at the beginning of the text, or of a chapter or section of a book, or of an article. CAPTION TITLE The title printed at beginning of a chapter or section of a book or at the too of each page. CATCHWORD A word given at the bottom of the page after the last line, such word being the first in the first line at the top of the following page. CHANGED TITLE The current title of a book which had originally been published with a different title, e. g, Ceramic in Pakistan old Title pottery in Pakistan change Title. CHARGE To record the loan of a book to reader. CLIPPING (PRESS CUTTINGS) A piece cut form a newspaper or periodical usually containing an important new or some writing worth preservation for the use of readers. For example Afghanistan, Kashmir, ECO, UNO, Pak, Middle East, Nuclear weapon etc. COLLABORATOR One who is associated with another in the writing of a book. COMPOUND NAME A name made up of two or more proper names. COPY RIGHT DATE The date on which copy right is granted in respect of an individual work, usually printed on the reverse of the title page. CORRIGENDA: (ERRATA) A printed list of correction of errors in the text of a book, notices after document was printed and inserted either before or after the printed text. CURATOR A person who has the charge of a museum, art gallery or any special collection. DEDICATION The authorââ¬â¢s inscription in a book offering it to a person as a mark of respect or affection or gratitude towards that person. DOCUMENT A record of mental thought expressed in language, written on paper. EDITION The no of copies printed at one time and from one unchanged setting of types. An edition may comprise a no of impressions usually printed from the same types or plates. Different editions may embody an identical text or varying texts. END PAPERS One or more blank leaves inserted by the binder at the beginning and the end of a book. EPHEMERA Pamphlet, cutting and other materials of ephemeral interest and value. FLY LEAF A blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book. FOOT NOTE A note at the foot of a page, giving a reference, an authority or an explanation or elucidation of some matter in the text marked above on the page. FOREWORD: (PRE-AMBLE) An introductory preface of a book by the author stating the reason for writing and enunciation of his theme. FRONTISPIECE A pictorial representation or illustration in the beginning of a book, usually facing or preceding it title page. GAZATTEER A geographical reference work usually arranged alphabetically, giving descriptive, geographical, historical or statistical information about places written about. GLOSSARY An alphabetical list of technical terms concerned with any specific subject together with their definition or elucidations. HARD BINDING Binding in hard board covered with cloth or paper. IMPRESSION All copies of a book printed at the same time from the same setting or types. INDEX A systematically arranged alphabetical list of names, subjects etc, together with page nos where they occur, usually placed at the end of a book or other publications. INTRODUCTION The preliminary section of a book, usually explaining or defining its subject-matter, or giving a general study of the subject, often written by some one other than the author. LEAFLET A separate sheet of printed matter often folded but not stitched. LEGAL DEPOSIT Deposit of one or more copies of every book or other publication, printed or published in the country, in certain libraries, according to the copyright law or another related law of the country. LIBRARY DISCOUNT Rebate allowed by the book trade on the cost of books purchased by a library. LITHOGRAPHY Process of writing or drawing design on a stone and of processing printed impressions there from. MAGAZINE A periodical publication for general reading of which separate issues are published at regular intervals, containing articles on various subjects, by different authors. MONOGRAPH A separate, systematic and complete treatise on a single subject. NEW IMPRESSION Fresh printing of a book from standing type. PAMPHLET A non-periodical publication of at least five but not more than 48 pages, excluding cover pages. PAPERBACKS Books bound with paper covers, usually to reduce their cost price. PARTIAL TITLE The sub-title or alternative title or the secondary part of the title given on the title page. PICTOGRAPH A pictorial illustration telling a story by representing an object or an idea. (A thirsty crow, Greedy dog etc. ). PLATE A page containing illustrative matter bound or pasted in a book and usually not included in its pagination. PREFACE A statement written by the author, at the beginning of a book, giving its scope, reasons for writing and the class of readers for whom it is intended. OCTAVO A sheet of paper folded three times to form a section of eight leaves or sixteen pages. OCTAVO EDITION An edition issued in octavo form, i. e, of books having section of 8 leaves or 16 pages and whose height is between 20 to 25 cm. PRELIMINARIES Those parts of the book which precede the first page of the text, viz: half title, frontispiece, title page, dedication, acknowledgment, list of contents and illustrations, abbreviations, foreword or preface, introduction etc. PSEUDONYM A name used by an author which is not his real name in order to conceal his identity. PUBLISHING HOUSE A firm engaged in the trade of publishing books. RECTO Right hand page of an open book, usually bearing an odd Page number. REFERENCE LIBRARIAN A librarian incharge of a reference library or who is incharge of reference department in a library. REFERENCE BOOKS Books such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, gazetteers, year books, directories, indexes, bibliographies etc, which are compiled to supply definite pieces of information and are meant to be referred to for such information rather than to be read thorough. REFERENCES The list of publications to which an author has made specific reference in the course of his work, generally appended at the end of each chapter or at the end of the book or the article. REFERENCE SERVICE (REFERENCE WORK) The provision and organization by a library of a service which is directly concerned with assistance to readers in their search for information on various subjects, and in using the resources of the library in study and research. REPRINT An identical copy of a book, printed from the same type or with type set again by without any substantial alteration in the text. REVIEW An evaluation of literary work. REVIEW COPY A copy of a book sent free by the publisher to an individual scholar, or to a newspaper or magazine for review purposes. REVIEWING PERIODICAL A periodical publication largely devoted to reviews of new books. REVISED EDITION A new edition of a book in which printing and textual errors have been corrected, and new material added. REVISED IMPRESSION (PRINTING) A new impression of a book for which revisions have been incorporated in the original setting of types. ROYALTY Payment made to an author by the publisher of a book usually on a percentage basis of its retail price. RUNNING TITLE The title which is repeated at the head of each page of a book. SEMI ANNUAL A periodical or any other serial publication, published twice a year. SEMI WEEKLY A periodical issued twice a week. SHORT TITLE Shortened form of the title of a book enough to identify it in catalogue or bibliography, generally used in short cataloguing. SPINE The back of the cover of a book, which usually bears, the title, author and sometimes the publisherââ¬â¢s name. STANDARD BOOK (WORK) A book recognized as of permanent value because of its subject content or the style of writing. STANDARD EDITION The edition of an authorââ¬â¢s book which is of a better quality than a normal or cheaper edition. SUB-TITLE A secondary or sub-ordinate title of a book following the main title which is usually explanatory, or modificatory of the main title. SUMMARY The substance or general idea of any written matter presented in a brief form. SURNAME A family name, usually used together with the personal name. TERMS Any word or phrase used in a precise or definite sense. TITLE 1. ââ¬Å"Name of a workâ⬠Dr. S. S. Ranganathan. 2. The word or words by which a literary or intellectual work is designated on its title page which may also include the sub-title, alternative title or any elucidatory or descriptive matter relating to the title. TREATISE A formal systematic essay, or book on some subject. VERSION One of several forms of exposition in the same or another language of a work. VERSE The left hand page of an open book, usually bearing an even page number. XY-LOGRAPHY Printing from engraved blocks of wood. YEAR BOOK An annual volume, published every year, containing current information of a variable nature, also reviews of the happenings during the year and statistical statements of annual significance. WATER MARK A mark of water or trade mark is prepared and can be seen on any sheet of paper, specially hand made paper when holds to light. EXTRA BINDING A trade term for the best work in binding. FINISHING It is comprising of lettering, tooling and polishing of the book. FOREDGE The front edge of the leaves. FORWARDING Comprises all operations between sewing and finishing. SIGNATURE The letters or figures placed on first page of each sheet. CONCAVE The inside curve. CONVEX The outside curve. COLOPHONE A statement given at the end of the text of a book giving its title, subject, writerââ¬â¢s printers or publisherââ¬â¢s name and date and place of printing. Sometimes one or more of these items is omitted. IMPERFECTIONS Sheets rejected by the binder and returned to the printer to be replace. HEAD AND TAIL The top and bottom of the book. EMBOSS PRINTING Printing in raised characters for the blind. ADDENDA Additional matters essential to the completeness of the text of a book, usually added after the text. For example at page 85, at line 13 (After Automatic data processing add: see also Data processing). Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-27298542561940653752020-03-06T04:42:00.001-08:002020-03-06T04:42:04.348-08:00Free Essays on Henry VHenry V Throughout the movie Henry V accurate portrayals of the age, speech, and clothing of the time are displayed. The movie depicts Henry Vââ¬â¢s rise to the throne and part in the Hundred Years War with vague accuracy, but gets the important points across. However, the movie generalizes some events and creates some scenes for dramatic effect. While on a large scale the movie is historically accurate it strays from the truth several times to entertain its audience. Henry V stumbles past Henryââ¬â¢s rather interesting childhood and enters into the main plot of his life very quickly, leaving much to be told of the events omitted by Shakespeare. Henry was most likely brought up by his uncle Henry Beaufort. Henry was a very accomplished individual from a young age, and leaving out details from his childhood is counterproductive to the building of his character which the desires. Henry was a soldier beginning in his teenage years. At a mere fourteen years he was a member of the Welsh forces who fought against Owen Glendower, who was leading a rebellion against Henryââ¬â¢s father, Henry IV (Owen) . After only two years of service he commanded his fatherââ¬â¢s forces in the battle of Shrewsbury, in which he was wounded (Britannia / Columbia) . These significant events show that Henry was quite an able king and also a very soldierly person. The movie illustrates Henryââ¬â¢s ability as an orator in the first scene, in which a French messenger is shown sending a gift from his master. The gift is in exchange for peace and Henry not seeking his interests in annexing lands in France that England had previously held. The messenger states that his master wishes to trade a ââ¬Å"ton of treasureâ⬠, which turns out to be a box of tennis balls. Henry is furious and quickly launches into a masterful speech in which he condemns the masterââ¬â¢s action, saying that he will have quite a match with France when he enters the country, an... Free Essays on Henry V Free Essays on Henry V Henry V Throughout the movie Henry V accurate portrayals of the age, speech, and clothing of the time are displayed. The movie depicts Henry Vââ¬â¢s rise to the throne and part in the Hundred Years War with vague accuracy, but gets the important points across. However, the movie generalizes some events and creates some scenes for dramatic effect. While on a large scale the movie is historically accurate it strays from the truth several times to entertain its audience. Henry V stumbles past Henryââ¬â¢s rather interesting childhood and enters into the main plot of his life very quickly, leaving much to be told of the events omitted by Shakespeare. Henry was most likely brought up by his uncle Henry Beaufort. Henry was a very accomplished individual from a young age, and leaving out details from his childhood is counterproductive to the building of his character which the desires. Henry was a soldier beginning in his teenage years. At a mere fourteen years he was a member of the Welsh forces who fought against Owen Glendower, who was leading a rebellion against Henryââ¬â¢s father, Henry IV (Owen) . After only two years of service he commanded his fatherââ¬â¢s forces in the battle of Shrewsbury, in which he was wounded (Britannia / Columbia) . These significant events show that Henry was quite an able king and also a very soldierly person. The movie illustrates Henryââ¬â¢s ability as an orator in the first scene, in which a French messenger is shown sending a gift from his master. The gift is in exchange for peace and Henry not seeking his interests in annexing lands in France that England had previously held. The messenger states that his master wishes to trade a ââ¬Å"ton of treasureâ⬠, which turns out to be a box of tennis balls. Henry is furious and quickly launches into a masterful speech in which he condemns the masterââ¬â¢s action, saying that he will have quite a match with France when he enters the country, an... Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-21341727516451675192020-02-18T20:07:00.001-08:002020-02-18T20:07:02.714-08:00Impacts of Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss as a Mathematician Term PaperImpacts of Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss as a Mathematician - Term Paper Example In his lifetime, Gauss had hardly made a contribution to the field of mathematics. It is said that the German mathematician was aloof to the pubic world of the mathematicians notable in his days. Gauss only communicated to a few of his trusted friends who were also strongly inclined to mathematics. Besides Bolyai, Schumacher was one of Gaussââ¬â¢s trusted correspondence in which the latter confided to the former about his spending a ââ¬Å"considerable time on geometryâ⬠(Tent, 2006, p. 214). On the other hand, upon the death of the gifted mathematician -- and the subsequent discovery of his mathematical notes and ideas -- the world of mathematics had never been the same. Particularly his contribution to the shaping of the so-called non-Euclidean geometry, Gauss had made an impact to the sphere of geometry. His schoolmate Bolyai had asked him, for several times, pertaining to his view to Euclidââ¬â¢s fifth postulate -- also known as the parallel postulate. But Gauss did no t disclose his discovery concerning the existence of the non-Euclidean geometry for the reason that he did not want to ââ¬Å"rock the boatâ⬠(Tent, 2006, p. 215). True, Gaussââ¬â¢s non-Euclidean geometry -- first he called it as anti-Euclidean -- had caused a stir in the area of mathematics marked in the late 18th century. Non-Euclidean geometry is basically defined as an area in geometry in which Euclidââ¬â¢s first four postulates are held but the fifth postulate has a quite different and distinct version in contrast to what is stated in the Elements (Weisstein, 2011). Among various versions of non-Euclidean geometry, the so-called hyperbolic geometry is where Gauss belongs to. In one of their conversations, Gauss revealed to Schumacher about his anti-Euclidean geometry: ââ¬Å"I realized that there also had to be triangles whose three angles add up to more or less than 1800 in the non-Euclidean world. I had it all mapped outâ⬠(Tent, 2006, 214, my italics). Here, Gauss categorized the fundamental elements of his newly found mathematics. That is to say, Gaussââ¬â¢s non-Euclidean geometry is a departure from two-dimensional geometry characterized in Euclidean mathematics. Gaussââ¬â¢s hyperbolic geometry, in fact, works greatly in three-dimensional geometry or space. Thence, the impact of Gaussââ¬â¢s mathematical discovery, if not innovation, was quite evident especially within the field of mathematics. For one, Gauss had opened up a new world or knowledge about the wider space or scope of mathematics, particularly geometry. That is, man does not live in a narrow two-dimensional space. Based from this paradigm (i.e., hyperbolic geometry), one can explore the multifarious possibilities laid open by non-Euclidean geometry. Perhaps the greatest impact of Gaussââ¬â¢s hyperbolic mathematics is found in the sphere of astronomy. In 1801, for instance, Gaussââ¬â¢s mathematics had greatly facilitated the discovery of a dwarf planet named Ceres (Tyson, 2004). Evidently, this is the triumph of mathematics. Utilizing the non-Euclidean geometry, it became possible for man to calculate the universe even without the use of advanced technology such as the telescope. Using Gaussââ¬â¢s hyperbolic geometry, man is able to see the cosmos beyond the Euclidean geometry can offer. Space, after all, is three-dimensional -- be it space in/on earth or in the universe. Generally, non-Euclidean geo Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-8632878409992557992020-02-04T00:25:00.001-08:002020-02-04T00:25:02.761-08:00Prestnation and presentation write up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsPrestnation and presentation write up - Essay Example (Crooks 2010). ââ¬Å"The oil leak started when there was a loss of control over the pressure in the well followed by the failure of the wellââ¬â¢s blowout preventer, a specialized valve designed to maintain consistent conditions. After the initial explosions the blowout preventerââ¬â¢s emergency functions failed to seal the well, allowing the leak to occurâ⬠. (BP oil, 2011) The language of this statement stresses that the occurrence was an ââ¬Å"accidentâ⬠which implies that it is out of the control of the company, and something that happened by chance. The expression of regret is a recognition of the pain and suffering that has been suffered by those who died and others who know them. The words do not imply that BP caused these deaths, or that they accept responsibility for them. The words just regret that something has happened. Because of the location of the incident near the American coastline there was immediate press interest and a flood of images and commentaries on the incident itself and the on-going and severe pollution of the area around the rig. BP was forced to treat this as a major public relations disaster as well as an environmental one and health and safety one. It was the attention of the press over a long period of time that turned this from one incident into a long series of further damaging developments. Not only the leak was highlighted, but also the inability of the company to stop it, and the inadequate clean up and recovery attempts. ââ¬Å"We have acted to take responsibility for the clean-up, to respond swiftly to compensate people affected by the impact of the accident, and to look after the health, safety and welfare of the large number of residents and people who helped respond to the spill. As of 31 December 2010, we had spent $17.7 billion for our response activities. Throughout, we have sought to work closely with government, local residents, our shareholders, employees, the wider industry and the media. ââ¬Å" (BP oil 2011) The Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-12404404271819949522020-01-26T20:46:00.001-08:002020-01-26T20:46:06.528-08:00External And Internal Audit Of ZurichExternal And Internal Audit Of Zurich The scope of the report is a comprehensive external and internal audit of the company Zurich Insurance, providing a base for formulation of its new 5-year marketing plan. The company, Zurich Financial Services (Zurich Insurance) is a global insurance-based financial services provider, which offers life insurance, non-life insurance, risk management and other related products. Group headquarters are in Zurich, Switzerland, it employs 60,000 people, while its main markets are in Europe and North America. The group operates thought three main units targeting three main segments (Zurich Insurance 2010): General insurance targeting the non-life insurance segment; Global life targeting the life insurance segment; and Farmers that targets the life and non-life segment in US. The analysis in the report identified several key issues of importance for the further activities of the company. Key emerging issues The current external and internal situational impact as provided with the audit identifies several important opportunities for development of the company in the period to come. In line with its current corporate objectives, these directions include: Expansion on emerging insurance market especially the non-life market; Capitalisation on its position at the mature markets for a better positioning in the new segment (ageing population) at the mature markets Improve its operational profit margin; and Placing Corporate Social Responsibility at the core of its strategic positioning reinforcing its brand and working towards decreasing the high level of groups risks. Table of Contents 1.Vision, Mission and Corporate Objectives 4 1.1 Vision 4 1.2 Mission Statement 4 1.3 Corporate Objectives 5 2.Situational Analysis 6 2.1 External Analysis 6 2.1.1.Macroeconomic Analysis-PESTEL 6 2.1.2.Industry Analysis 8 2.1.3. Market Analysis 11 2.1.4. Opportunities and Threats 11 .2. Internal Analysis 12 2.2.1. Value Chain Analysis 14 2.2.2. The Balance Scorecard 15 2.2.3. Core Competences and Capabilities 15 2.2.4. Zurich Insurance Culture Web 16 2.2.5. Identified Strengths and Weaknesses 16 2.3.Summary of the current situation impact- SWOT 17 3.Marketing Objectives Five year plan 20 4.Marketing Strategies 21 6. Marketing Implementation 7Ps 22 7. Budgetary Requirements 23 8. Gantt 25 Vision, Mission and Corporate Objectives The concept of vision and mission comes from the influence of the rationalists approaches towards strategy promoted by Chandler and Ansoff and the famous hierarchy of plans (Linstead et.al. 2004, p. 501). Within the hierarchy of plans, there are four levels of strategy: enterprise, corporate, business and functional plans, while at the top of the pyramid is the enterprise strategy. The enterprise strategy is the broadest level of strategy that articulates the role of the business entity in the society. Its main aim is to answer two questions why does the company exist and what does it serve for the society. In contemporary management language it seeks to provide the Mission and the Vision of the company as a whole. 1.1 Vision The Zurich Way or the Zurich vision is to become the best global insurer as defined by its customers, its shareholders and its people (Zurich Insurance 2010) in serving its three target segments. 1.2 Mission Statement Zurichs mission is to deliver help when it matters so that customers feel valued and taken care of (TheTimes100 2010, p121) is reflected in its comprehensive range of general and life insurance products and services accustomed to the needs of all of its customers, accompanied with an in-depth customer knowledge, a global network and local expertise, high-quality service and ease of doing business, backed by strong capital and talented employees (Zurich Insurance 2010). 1.3 Corporate Objectives According to Linstead et.al. (2004, p. 502) ,the corporate objectives should be specific, realistic considering the internal and external environment, achievable with a reasonable amount of effort, and must reflect the expected reality, or in short SMART. For Zurich Insurance they are (Zurich Insurance 2009a): 1.3.1 Profitable growth The company seeks to identify and exploit opportunities for profitable growth. These opportunities arise when there are strategic gaps in offer at target markets or locations. It is either achieved though the existing business of the company or through acquisition of new business. Key performance indicators (KPI) for this objective are groups operating profit margin and its net profits. 1.3.2 Operational transformation The operational transformation objective aims at building strength at core areas as risk management, investment management, underwriting and claims, measured through the level of quality of services. 1.3.3 Customer centricity The customer centricity is the centre of companys mission achieved through five specific indicators as presented in Figure 2. People management The companys objectives are to employ the best talent, and to provide opportunities for its further professional development. Situational Analysis A situational analysis in the strategic management, consists of analysis of the external and internal context of the company, and serves to identify possible gaps in the strategic positioning of the company that can be a strategic opportunity or threat, and in identifying its internal strengths and weakness. In essence, it is what practitioners call a marketing audit. A marketing audit is a comprehensive, systematic, independent, and periodic examination of a companys or business units marketing environment, objectives, strategies, and activities with a view to determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the companys marketing performance (Kotler and Keller 2006, p.719). Thus it is a tool that assists the management in describing current activities and their outcomes, performed for setting new strategic direction of the company, or as in the case of Zurich Insurance for setting a new marketing plan. 2.1 External Analysis The analysis of the business environment is a significant step in understanding the external concept in which the company functions. According to Johnson et.al (2005, p.64) this understanding is built on several levels: the macro environment, the micro environment-the industry, the competitors (strategic groups) and the markets (segments). 2.1.1.Macroeconomic Analysis-PESTEL The PESTEL tool helps in identifying the factors that determine the external strategic opportunities and threats of companies operating in a certain industry (Johnson et.al 2005, p.57). Thomson and Strickland (2003, p.93) regard these factors as key drivers of change, shaping the strategic environment of the industry (Lynch 2009, p.79), and significant in the process of building scenarios of possible futures (Johnson et.al 2005, p.57). In the case of Zurich Insurance, these factors are given as follows. Political environment The more conditions which globalisation brings to businesses and their operations as are the openness of trade and easier movement of capital, the impact of the lack of more structured global governance represents a high systematic risk for the insurance sector. According to the Global Risk Report (WEF 2010), in most of the cases of risk identification, the experts identified weak or inadequate institutions or agreements in almost all of the risks covered. This is why global governance gap emerged as a systematic risk crucial in addressing many critical global issues over the coming years of importance for the insurance industry as are the climate change effects and the natural disasters. Economic environment The GDP growth is one of the most important pre-conditions for the profitability in the insurance sector. The global economy is a contrast of the stagnant growth in the developed countries (2-3% projected growth in the next 5 years) and a stronger positive growth in the developing regions (7% growth by 2015) (IMF 2010, p.4). This slowdown, negatively affects the insurance business in the areas of property and casualties, as the market is not growing causing a fierce competition pressuring margins. Many countries, especially the ones from the developed world as a response to the financial crisis from 2007, responded with overextending their fiscal positions, endangering unsustainable levels of debt which, in turn, may lead to full-fledged sovereign debt crises (WDF 2010). Based on IMF data, WEF (2010) reports of G20 budget deficits at 7.9% of their combined GDP. Although necessary these costs created a mountain of debt, that will have to be serviced on behalf of reduction in government spending on health and pensions, increasing the opportunities for the private life and pension insurance. Socio-cultural environment A key socio-economic driver influencing the environment of the insurance industry and thus Zurich Insurance is the ageing of the population in the developed countries. At the moment, many public health are not designed for meeting these needs, and will contract pushing the population towards the private insurers (WEF 2010). Technological environment Technology as a key driver of change, in particular affected the insurance sales channels, enabling transparency for the end buyers and a possibility to compare prices. In some target markets this possibility affected and still affects insurance premiums. From the aspect of the fast penetration of the IT/IS in the operations of companies, the risks of a major failure which could jeopardise the operations of the industry on a global scale are small, as the financial industry in general is very conservative towards the new trends of use of IT, while cloud computing is still out of industry comprehension. Environmental environment A key driver of change for the insurance industry coming from the environment is the global climate change. The severity of extreme weather accompanied global catastrophes in the form of natural disasters as hurricanes, wildfires and floods, may result in greater damage of the environment, infrastructure and property, even loss of life, increasing insurance claims (WEF 2010). Legal environment The financial industry in general, and the insurance sector is particular is one of the most regulated areas in the world that penetrates all its operations. In many cases, insurance is obligatory as is the motor-insurance, and in some countries the prices are set. As a result, it can be argued that the industry products in general are price inelastic. 2.1.2.Industry Analysis Economic theory defines an industry as a group of firms producing the same principal product (Rutherford 1985 as cited in Johnson et.al 2005, p.77) or, more broadly, a group of firms producing products that are close substitutes for each other (Porter 1980, p.5). From a strategic management perspective, analysing the attractiveness of the insurance means determining the profit potential through understanding the competitive forces in that industry and the way in which Zurich Insurance chooses to compete (Johnson et.al. 2005, p78). 2.1.2.1. Key Strategic Groups The insurance industry is characterised with two specific market segments, life and non-life insurance. The industry is highly fragmented with large number of players (Datamonitor 2010b, p.) of which most function in the both markets, and the markets are heavily regulated, as a result there are no specific strategic groups within this industry. 2.1.2.2. Five Forces Analysis While many times put on test, challenged and questioned, for almost three decades Porters five forces model (1980, 1985), is the dominant model accepted for analyzing the attractiveness of industries. Porters analysis shows that in the insurance industry the competitive rivalry is high and intensive. It is an industry in the shakeout phase of its cycle, characterised with small annual growth (Johnson et.al. 2005, p.86). The industry phase is characterised with a shakeout of the weakest competitors, encouraging acquisitions and consolidation. The main buyers in the industry are the policy holders, individuals and corporations, while the main suppliers are seen in the IT companies. Although the switching costs for the buyers are high due to contract obligations, the overall buyer power is assessed as moderate due to the large number of individual customers, which devaluates the meaning of the choice of an individual buyer. Within the business segment, the buyer power is lowered further due to the fact that businesses actually require insurance to protect their companies from risk; however, large companies excursive stronger negotiating power compared to the individuals. As the insurance industry works with information and stores huge amounts of data, the IT companies and software houses are its main supplier. It usually is a larger company as IBM, while the software systems are complex and interlinked, which increases supplier power and the switching costs. In recent years there have been trends of outsourcing the tasks to off-shore companies; however, this is not the dominant trend in this industry, which is why the supplier power is assessed as strong. It is a capital incentive industry which serves as a major entry barrier to newcomers; however, competitors from within the large financial industry as Banks, wherever the legislation allows them, can easily enter at the market. The overall treat coming from newcomers is assessed as moderate. There are no real substitutes to insurance. Many insurance products are legally required in many countries, which is why the threat coming from the substitutes is assessed as weak. Overall, the attractiveness of the industry in combination with its life cycle stage is assessed as moderate (Datamonitor 2010b). 2.1.3. Market Analysis The insurance market consists of two very important segments: the life and non-life insurance. Zurich insurance operates in the both segments. The life insurance segment participates with 57% in the total value at the market. The non-life segment has a significant growth potential in the emerging markets as China where this rate is very low (Datamonitor 2010c), where the state still covers the life-insurance. According to the estimations of Datamonitor (2010b), the market had a compound annual growth rate of 2.7% for the period 2005-2009 with an anticipated annual growth of 6.7% for the period 2009-2014, with a higher market growth expected on the Asian market. 2.1.4. Opportunities and Threats The external analysis presented in the preceding sections identifies the existence of several external strategic opportunities and threats for Zurich Insurance. The opportunities come from the process of consolidation and geographic expansion in the emerging markets, from the ageing population at the developed markets and the good developments at the assets management market. The industry faces tough times due to the slow recovery of the global economy and the increasing environmental risks for the only risk taker in the society. The risks from a catastrophe, either from a severe weather, or a major natural disaster, are high, and the insurance industry is the only one taking accountability for these occurrences on a global level thus there is a global governance gap that threatens the industry. Table 1.Telescopic ObservationFramework Technological considerations Economic considerations Legal and regulatory requirements Ecological and Environmental issues Sociological Trends Competition Organisational Culture Portfolio analysis International issues Cost efficiencies and cost structures New technology and fast penetration of IT in the insurance channels Slow growth of the global economy, Heavily regulated industry in almost all countries. Climate Change causing severe weather and catastrophes Ageing population in the mature markets; longer life expectations; Population growth at the emerging markets Intensive rivalry, many players Strong and unique Life and non-life products, and products for global companies Global governance gap a major risk for the insurance industry Strengths Zurich is successful in IT implementation. Zurich is 5thglobal player Unique Culture Proposition UPS Strong Weaknesses Needs more security Opportunity Increased demand for new life insurance products; Penetration at the emerging markets Opportunity to acquire competitors Threats It will decrease company revenues It will increase insurance claims No strong global governance increases global risks .2. Internal Analysis In the contemporary strategic management, the analysis of internal business environment covers a wide range of issues that developed in the past two decades mainly as a result of the emergence of the resource based view on strategy (Barney 1991, Rumelt 1991). Unfortunately, as Herrmann (2005) argues, since the RBV did not produce a dominant design, it developed in many different ways identifying key company resources, capacities, core capabilities, dynamic capabilities, ending with the knowledge-based competitive advantages (Johnson et.al 2005, Lynch 2009). At the end it got merged with the positioning school providing a strong academic background to the use of SWOT (used by companies from 1960s) (Linstaed et.al. 2004, p.502). Today there are several models available for the internal analysis. This report will use the Porters value chain (1985), which explains how the company is internally organised to reach its objectives. The chain further serves as a good base for identifying comp anys core capabilities and competencies (Hamel and Phrahald 1990), while the use of the Balance Scorecard (Kaplan and Norton 1996) as a tool, complements Porters Value chain as it provides the measures and the benchmarks against which the companys internal performance is measured in line with corporate goals. 2.2.1. Value Chain Analysis Zurich Financial is one of the largest insurance groups in the world serving approximately 60,000 people in more than 170 countries (Zurich Insurance 2010). Its value chain is developed using information from companys Annual reports. Table 2. Zurich Insurance Value Chain Analysis PROFIT MARGIN Firm Infrastructure (ZI Annual report 2009a) Successful integration of activities in a strong international value-chain with highly developed IT infrastructure; Centralised organisational structure, but with strong local adaptation decision making as products depends on national legal requirements and culture (EB 2008); Companywide culture emphasising customer centric behaviour. Human Resource Management (ZI Annual report 2009, ZI Business Review 2009,EB 2008) Recruitment and selection of the best high qualified teams of employees; Succession planning structures; Global approach to leadership development; Continuous training and development; Global performance management,; Global learning management system; Compensation programs with variable remuneration designed to encourage customer centric behaviour and creativity, but discourage risk-taking (ZI Annual report 2009, p.99); Innovative benefits scheme encouraging employee collaboration; Technology development Heavy investments in technology deployment 0 needs a good security (Insley 2010) Procurement (ZI Annual report 2009) Long-term contracts with major IT suppliers; Procurement systems in place for the other minor suppliers. Inbound logistics Information technology and internet Operations New Product development; Underwriting, Risk management, Investment management; Outbound logistics Forms, design management, filling and printing of the insurance policies. Marketing and sales Strong CRM build on a unique proposition deep customer understanding; Frequent promotional activities; Use of many sales channels and different compensation schemes of third party agents to reach customers but avoiding cannibalisation. After Sale Service Technology driven claims handling and servicing which enable easy fast way to deal with the company (ZI BR 2009b, p.27); Following up the client and its needs; Increasing knowledge on the client needs deep customer understanding; It is important to note, that Porters Value chain is designed to focus on a business unit, rather than on a group comprising of three core business units as Zurich; however, due to the merge of many of its core operations, the value chain can be simplified as provided in the Table above. 2.2.2. The Balance Scorecard The application of the Balance Scorecard propositions (Kaplan and Norton 1996), provides for the capability of measuring the financial and non-financial impact of the operations of the company, seen through measuring four thematic areas: Financial, Customers, Processes and People (Competence). It indicates that Zurich Insurance operating model as presented with the Portes Value chain, resulted in the 5th global rank of the Company in 2009 with an annual increase of the operating profit margin of 8% (target at 10%) (Zurich Insurance 2009b). The company in 2005, had a significant improvement in companys operations from 2007, when the group reported a decrease of 64.9% with a decrease in net profits of 46.8% . In the more mature countries, UK, US, Switzerland and Japan, it is among the top three insurers on every service (Zurich Insurance 2009b). Zurich strongest business unit is the general insurance, which brings the highest revenues and profits ((Zurich Insurance 2009b p.13), and with USD 34,157 million in premium fees, reflects the immense scale of companys global operations. Zurich Insurance employees more than 60 000 employees globally are one of its main stakeholder groups. Employees receive trainings and developments, while a sophisticated annually survey measures employee satisfaction (Zurich Insurance 2009b, p.35). The group as well implements annual customer feedback surveys. 2.2.3. Core Competences and Capabilities The core capability of Zurich lies in its right combination of tangible (finances, people, premises) and intangible resources (knowledge, expertise, culture and brand) (Grant 2005, p.140). Zurichs strong risk management knowledge combined with its social capital, supported with strong companys culture based on trust and knowledge-sharing, and its innovative, but risk-averse provision of new solutions, differentiates the company from the rest at the market and is the essence of its core competency and competitive advantage (Zurich Insurance 2009b). The strong customer relationship and customer dependability increase Zurich Insurance ability to introduce new products, charge premium price on certain products and cross-sell on others. It as well builds on the strong and unique Culture, which as Kingl (2010) argues is Zurichs Unique Selling Proposition, or Unique Culture Proposition. 2.2.4. Zurich Insurance Culture Web To better understand the premise of Zurichs UCP, we will use the culture web tool as recommended by Johnson et.al. (2005 p.202), based on the preceding analysis Zurich Insuranc and on the findings of Kingl (2010) case study 2.2.5. Identified Strengths and Weaknesses The company is characterised with a strong market position, a strong brand, a unique, value delivering culture and an impressive financial performance in terms of profits and revenues (compared to the results from 2008). Moreover, the company has an impressive record of successful integrations with acquisitions which indicates that it is using the opportunities presented from the shakeout phase of the industry business cycle (Zurich Insurance 2010). There are only very few weaknesses. First, the operating profit margin is still bellow the target of 10%. Second, the group is highly dependent from the revenues coming from the general insurance segment which participates with 53% in the operating profit. Third, the risk management system of the general insurance segment must improve to provide better capacity for accumulating larger number of claims in cases of natural or other type of disaster, having in mind that the main impact of the increased claims in these areas impacted the low financial results in 2007. Summary of the current situation impact- SWOT The current external and internal situational impact as provided with SWOT and with the telescopic Observation Framework (Panagiotou and Wijnen 2005) in the table below identifies several important areas of development for the company in the period to come. In line with its corporate objectives, Zurich should: exploit the good opportunities that come from the growth in the emerging and the developed markets; improve its operations, especially the operating profit margin. In addition, as the companys operations are extremely vulnerable to the effects of the climate change and the global governance gap, and as its interests are aligned with the interests of the majority of stakeholders (which is not the case in many industries as the oil or tobacco industry), it should make the CSR at the core of its strategic positioning in line with the model of Porter and Keller (2006). It can be done through promoting its knowledge, analysis and insightful perspective regarding the global risks as much as possible, and positioning in the minds of its current and potential customers as a business genuinely interested in reducing these effects. Marketing Objectives Five year plan Marketing objectives are specific and quantitative benchmarks of marketing goals that guide the implementation of marketing plans (Ferrell and Hartline 2008, p.140). Objectives exist because marketing goals without measurements are meaningless. Researchers and practitioners (Armstrong 2009 et.al., McDonald 2008, Kotler and Keller 2006) emphasise that they must reflect: (1) the corporate and business objectives; (2) the target market needs and companys competitive capability to serve these markets; (3) the industry and markets evolution, and be (4)SMART (Sustainable, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound). In line with the findings of the preceding analysis, and the Telescopic Framework (Table 3) the following marketing objectives should guide the Zurich Insurance five year plan: Increase its market share at the emerging markets, in all targeted segments, but in particular in the non-life segment which is underdeveloped; Increase its penetration at the mature markets of the developing countries thorough targeting current and new segments (the ageing population needs); Make Corporate Social Responsibility part of its positioning and tide it strongly to the word help associated with its customer centric culture and its strong brand. The CSR will reinforce the positioning of the brand across all segments. Marketing Strategies For accomplishing these objectives, the companys choice of market activities will depend on its choice of strategic development strategy. 4.1 Ansoff s Matrix According to Johnson et.al. (2005, pp: 341-347) the Ansoff product/market can be used for identifying directions for strategic development, taking into account the product/market coverage and the strategic capabilities of the company. Figure 6 Ainsoff Matrix of Zurich Insurance Market Development New capabilities (existing products in new markets) Life and non-life penetration into the emerging markets; Market Development New segments Increasing the scope of existing life insurance policies to certain segment of the ageing population at the mature markets in the developing world. Diversification with new capabilities (new products at new markets) Not suggested at the moment, as the finances are required to fuel the growth in the mature and the emerging markets. Market penetration Penetration and market share accumulation on the existing markets through acquisitions. Product development with new capabilities (new products at existing markets) New products for the ageing population at the mature markets in the developing world. 6. Marketing Implementation 7Ps According to practitioners (Kotler and Keller 2006, p), the implementation of the marketing strategies is achieved through making decisions regarding the content of the offer (product), its price, how it will be delivered to the customers and what distribution channels will be used, i.e. the 4Ps of the marketing mix. The 4Ps of the marketing mix were introduced in the 70s of the past century, and since then dominate the methodology used in strategic marketing. As Kotler et.al. (2008) services have three very distinctive characteristics compared to the physical products as are intangibility, inseparability and perishability. These characteristics made it difficult for the service practitioners to adapt the 4Ps model to their offerings, which is why the model expended with three additional elements: People, Processes and Physical assets. In its essence the insurance industry is a service industry, which is why the designed marketing mix will have 7Ps and will aim at accomplishing compa nys marketing objectives in terms of market share, development, or penetration. The 7Ps implementation model for the three business units of Zurich Insurance is given in Table 4. Table 3. 7Ps Segments General Insurance (non-life) Global Life (life) Farmers Product/Service: 1. The traditional product offer, strengthened with new products at the mature markets; 2. New products for the needs of the emerging markets. The traditional product offer, strengthened with new products in the pension insurance; The traditional product offer, strengthened with new products due to the good prospects of the market; Price: Price reflects the regulatory requirements in each of the sectors and the intense rivalry in some segments. Place: Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-77349746390637810152020-01-18T17:10:00.001-08:002020-01-18T17:10:04.748-08:00Harley-Davidsonââ¬â¢s Just-in-Time (JIT) Journey EssayCase Summary This case is about the Just-in-Time (JIT) implementation at Harley-Davidson Motor Company. After World War II, they faced with competition from Japanese companies, which were able to produce better quality motorcycles at comparatively lower cost. Harley-Davidson found that there were three most important practices of Japanese companies, which differentiated their production process from that of others: JIT manufacturing, employee involvement, and statistical process control. Harley-Davidson adopted those three principles and formulated different strategies to make this move possible and to make its manufacturing processes as efficient as that of its Japanese counterparts. The company finally succeeded in achieving its goals of reducing the cost of production, improving quality, and increasing its market share. With the company again getting into hard times, this case presents how it was trying to focus on ââ¬Å"continuous improvementâ⬠in a bid to bring itself back into profits . Question #1: Why has continuous improvement been so successful at Harley Davidson? Continuous improvement is ongoing effort to improve products, services or processes. These efforts can seek ââ¬Å"incrementalâ⬠improvement over time or ââ¬Å"breakthroughâ⬠improvement all at once. Under continuous improvement, a task or series of tasks were identified as the problem area in the business process, manufacturing operations, and product development where improvement could be made. Harley-Davidson required the active participation and commitment of its employees to help in eliminating unnecessary steps and complexity for the process and to bring more flexibility into the system. Continuous improvement helped the company identify savings opportunities and put those mechanisms into places, also improved the quality standards and the reduced the waste in the forms of cost, time and defects. Therefore with a year, all Harley-Davidsonââ¬â¢s manufacturing operations were being converted to JIT: components and sub-assemblies were ââ¬Å"pulledâ⬠through the production system in response to final demand. Question #2: Considering the road ahead, what specific actions can Harley Davidson take that will move them toward their goals? Harley Davidson could keep doing â â¬Å"continuous improvement.â⬠Take a closer look at its operations in a bid to get its cost structure right and manage shipments consistent with the expected slowing of consumer spending. For continuous improvement, itââ¬â¢s begins with identify the current process and take a vote on which process would most benefit from improvement, then map out the existing process using a project board like A3 report. After fully understand the process, identify areas of opportunity surrounding the mapped process, to do this teams should analyze the current process and scrutinize areas that may be streamlined. Finally, the team will decide on a new process. In order to reduce excess capacity or costs and gain efficiencies, the company has consolidated some of its production facilities, and parts, accessories and general merchandise distribution operations to improve its overall process. The company also made it a high priority to manage supply in line with demand. In addition, the company started restructuring its production process to reduce complexity and create the flexibility to produce multiple product families on the same assembly line every day at the beginning of 2009. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-76939102688196477842020-01-10T13:34:00.001-08:002020-01-10T13:34:04.065-08:00Save Our PlanetAre we aware that we are slowly destroying our planet? We should think about our earthââ¬â¢s condition day by day because our planet is in great danger. We are very lucky that we can enjoy everything on earth like water, air, natural resource and others to be enjoyed. Nowadays we all know and realize how important it is to protect our planet, but we are mostly too busy or too lazy to make a big change that would improve our lifestyle and save the environment.Many simple ways we can do to take part to conserve our planet such as recycle, reuse and reduce all the things that we have. For example, if we have tons of clothes or things we want to get rid of but they are still usable, give them to someone who needs them so you will protect the environment. Many people do not know we can save energy when we turn off the household devices. Turn off the light when we leave a room, even if we intend to return. It is an easy habit to take up which will save a lot of moneyNo matter how busy w e are, we also can be one of the environment activists or volunteers in an association to increase the public and media awareness to protect our lovely planet such as running a zoo, overseeing conservation projects and caring for pets. We also need to change our lifestyle and practice a simple life like eating wisely and healthily, reduce wastage and make a pledge to be more earth friendly. Quit smoking and do not ever start if you are a non-smoker. In addition, driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution.Walk or use a bike if the journey is a short one because if we drive every day, it will contribute to air pollution. At least with this action, it would minimize the traffic jams, so use public transport like buses or train. In a nutshell, generally all of us know that earthââ¬â¢s ozone layer is decreasing. There is nothing new here but if we follow at least some of these tips, we can be proud of ourselves by participating in the protection of the environment. Save the ear th for our next future generation because our planet gives back to us what we have put in it! FARIZAIn addition, driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution. Walk or use bike if the journey is a short one because if we drive every day, it will contributed to air pollution. At least with this action would be minimized the traffic jammed so started from now go to anywhere by walking, cycling or use public transport like buses or train. In a nutshell, generally all of us know that earth ozone layer getting decrease. There is nothing new here but if we follow at least some of these tips, we can be proud of ourselves participating in the protection of the environment.Save the earth for our next future generation because our planet gives back to us what we have put in it! Many simple ways we can do to take part to conserve our planet such as recycle, reuse and reduce all the things that we have. We could donate our goods. For example, if we have tons of clothes or things we want to get rid of but they are still usable, give them to someone who needs them. We may also choose to give them to associations and they may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause.Many people do not know we can save energy when we do not use a house device, turn it off. If we do not watch television, turn it off. Turn off the light when we leave a room, even if we intend to return. It is an easy habit to take up which will save a lot of money. No matter how busy we are, we also can be one of the volunteer in an association to increase the public and media awareness to protect our lovely planet. We also need to change our lifestyle and practice a simple life like eat wisely and healthy, reduce wastage and make a pledge to be more earth friendly.Quit smoking and do not ever start if you are a non- smoker. Do we aware that we are slowly destroying our planet? We should think about our earth condition day by day because our planet is in great danger. We are very lucky can enjoy everything on earth likes water, air, natural resource and others to be enjoyed. Nowadays we all know and realize how importance to protect our planet, but we are mostly too busy or too lazy to put up big change that would improve our lifestyle and save the environment. LETââ¬â¢S SAVE OUR LOVELY PLANET!! Save Our Planet Numerous environmental concerns impact our planet on a global level. Our mother earth is the only planet in the solar system known to sustain life forms of all kinds and we the intellectual sophisticated beings with opposing thumbs were chosen to rule over her. It is evident today that we have managed to begin to deplete the vast natural resources she has provided to us. Gross misuse, greed, and carelessness have all contributed to this situation. Ensuring the survival of our species and our planet requires that we realize globally our moral and ethical obligations to protect our planet. The first issue that we must look at is the fact that we are overpopulating our planet and this has serious repercussions. Repercussions such as limited resources like food and water due to overuse and overpopulation. For instance, in the days of Lewis and Clark one was able to dispose of waste in the waters and good old mother earth would filter the waste naturally. Now however, due to overpopulation the earth is no longer able to naturally filter the waste we are asking her to filter. The rational person realizes that if there are not enough resources to support the current population we must curtail and change this behavior. We live on a planet with a limited amount of space and resources. Thus one would naturally conclude, eventually you will run out of both. We cannot ethically put restrictions on pro-creating and there are no easy answers in this arena. However, in light of todayââ¬â¢s technology explosion some considerations that come to mind are providing global education in population management and removing the option of children born to people who are drug addicts, alcoholics, and who have psychological disorders like insanity. Removing the right of such people to procreate and education will not be the ultimate solution but will undoubtedly produce a more responsible society. Since this is not an option currently, we are left to ponder how can this most essential matter be addressed seriously without judgment to sustain our natural order for survival? We must look at what we are doing to our planet and take responsible action as a species to at least reduce the overuse of land and pollution we are causing. A variety of pollutants are affecting our planet. We see pollutants everywhere. To name just a few, there is garbage on the streets, in rivers and oceans. The less obvious pollutants to the human eye are burning coal and fuel. It is said that burning coal and fuel can increase the level of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. We the intellectual human species have done this massive but reversible damage to our planet that threatens to endanger the possibility of survival for every species in the world. To begin with, our oceans and rivers have been polluted with toxic waste, garbage, medical waste, plastics, and even large oil spills. Toxic waste, garbage, medical waste, and oil spills cause destruction to marine and wildlife by infecting them with PCBââ¬â¢s, mercury, and diseases from medical and toxic waste. Toxic waste gets into our oceans and rivers from leaking landfills, dumps, mines and farms. It is then digested by the organisms in the ocean and rivers which are then eaten by other larger animals in the food chain. This affects the human population by infecting and contaminating the food source within the waters and possibly eventually ending up on dinner tables around the world. Consuming contaminated food can cause diseases that can spread throughout the world. Some of the diseases that can be spread by a polluted ocean and polluted sea life to humans are hepatitis, HIV, aids, and viruses such as pneumonia. If seals and dolphins are washing up dead on beaches, what then could happen to the human population? According to the website www. library. thinkquest. org Ocean Pollution, lead and other toxic waste can cause birth defects, low IQ, slow growth and hearing problems for small children (School, 2002). Isnââ¬â¢t it then the human species responsibility to restrict this kind of pollution? Plastics on the other hand do not contaminate our food sources, plastics simply kill them. For instance in Australia a veterinarian tried to save a baby whale that was sick. The baby whale did not survive. The veterinarian performed an autopsy on the baby whale and found a plastic bag of corn, a plastic bait bag, and some heavy pieces of plastic sheeting that were blocking the bowels of the baby whale (Brower, 1989). Killing animals is not the only problem with plastics; there are numerous others that require mention as well. For one thing plastic is considered a non-degradable substance. To be more precise, it can take centuries to decompose. So where does all of the plastic waste go? In landfills, the ocean, and to some extent it is recycled and reused. Recycling and reusing are good measures for managing the plastic waste that is filling our planet. However, it requires the human species as a whole to be involved and committed to the general idea of recycling and reusing. Some measures that have been taken are using biodegradable bags instead of plastic bags, melting down the plastics and using them in different applications. For example, they can make things like combs, fencing, and trash cans out of the number 2 plastics. Continuing to find ways to moderate the abuse of products such as plastics is an important endeavor we must strive to perfect. Using new technologies and working globally as a species is one way in which we will be able to bring about positive change and aid in the recuperation of our environment. Another issue of concern is air pollution. Air pollution damages the ozone and causes acid rain. Acid rain is caused by smoke and gases that come from factories and cars that run on fossil fuels (Acid Rain, 2000). According to the U. S. nvironmental agency acid rain causes stunted growth in forests and the leaves to turn yellow and even fall off of trees completely in some cases. In some cases trees have died out completely with no apparent cause other than acid rain (Effects of acid rain, 2007). Acid rain also erodes the paint on our vehicles. Erosion of the paint on our vehicles is an obvio us form of tangible evidence that acid rain is harmful to our environment and our species. Worse, imagine what damage it causes to our soil, plants, and water. If it erodes the paint on our cars, what erosion then is happening in our bodies that consume the food grown in the soil? Damage to the ozone can contribute to global warming and can bring about change in what is known as the greenhouse gas effect (Global Warming). The greenhouse gas effect is a natural process that regulates the earthââ¬â¢s temperature. ââ¬Å"The sun heats the earth and some of this heat is trapped in the atmosphere by clouds and greenhouse gases, such as water vapor and carbon dioxideâ⬠(Global Warming). The disappearance of greenhouse gases would cause our planet to be 60 degrees cooler than it is and would no longer be able to sustain life (Global Warming). As the suns energy passes through the earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere it is reflected or sent back to space with the help of clouds and other atmospheric particles. Clouds, gases (ozone), and atmospheric particles absorb some energy. The remaining energy is then reflected back to space. ââ¬Å"On average 51% of the suns radiation reaches the surface of the earthâ⬠(Pidwirny, 2009). This energy is used to heat the ground, melt ice, and snow, and to evaporate water and in photosynthesis of plants. The heated debate about global warming continues to carry on. For instance, I was in Mt. Rushmore with my family on vacation and we took a trip up to the monument. We were surprised to see a person on top of President Lincolnââ¬â¢s head. We asked the Park ranger if that was normal she indicated that at that moment we were in the most secure monument in the nation. They were on high alert because a group of green peace protestors had decided to hang a global warming sign right next to President Lincolns head. We asked what the penalties for such an act was and she indicated that it was a federal offense and the activists would definitely receive a huge monetary fine and serve some prison time. I wondered if in the end that type of protest was worth the penalties the green peace group will pay. Ethically and morally speaking the green peace group broke the law. The point the green peace group was trying to make could have been made just as easily if the group would have held the sign up at the main entrance. On the other side of the debate of global warming it is said that our planet undergoes cyclical changes and there is scientific evidence indicating as such dating back 3. 3 to 3 million years ago in what was known as the mid-pliocene period (Anonymous, 2008). Fossils that were examined by scientists indicated that the planet was 4. 5 F degrees warmer than today. That begs an answer to the question is pollution really the only culprit for global warming? That being said, the human species has the responsibility to make every attempt to try and preserve our planet. Addressing these issues is of utmost importance. The consequences of leaving them unaddressed could be severe for generations to come. We must come to the collective conclusion that as a collective whole we are the dominant species and it is up to us to preserve and protect our planet. This is where moral and ethical considerations must be made in order to understand what we are doing to destroy our planet. By understanding how we are destroying our planet we can make ethical and moral considerations to help preserve our planet. In doing so, we can help to ensure our existence and the survival of our species as well as all other species on the planet. The basic view throughout history has been anthropocentric or human centeredness (Environmental Ethics, 2008). This position in its simplest form deems all things revolve around the use of the human species. Therefore, we are encouraged to take care of our environment for our continued survival and use. In order to continue to survive and thrive in the manner we are accustomed to, we require many of the things that are said to be polluting the environment. For example, technology used in our day to day lives such as cell phones, computers, household appliances, and televisions have components such as plastics and batteries that are not biodegradable, recyclable, or environmentally friendly. Though many environmentalists do not like to admit it, we require many of these things to survive in todayââ¬â¢s day and age. Thus different ideas need to be shared in order for our species to evolve in a less destructive manner. Can we do things differently to clean up our planet? The answer is yes. It is not the job of large corporations or the government to clean up our collective mess. It is the human species job as a whole to do what is right in order to ensure our species survival. Starting small individually will help promote a consciousness regarding our current situation. If we as a people decide to clean up our act on a small level then corporations and big business will follow suit. Change cannot happen overnight. Many of the problems we face relate to the economics of our society. Change has to happen slowly in order to ensure the survival of our species. For example, we are accustomed to driving our cars whenever we need to. Cars use gas, and gas pollutes the environment so we need cleaner cars. Producing clean cars costs an enormous amount of money to the current manufacturers because they are not tooled to do such a thing. Therefore, there is a death required within the old manufacturers and old ideas in order for a rebirth to commence and bring about positive responsible change. Our ethical obligation is to ourselves, the human race. By ensuring our survival as a species we ensure the survival of the rest of the planet. As Aristotle maintained ââ¬Å"nature has made all things specifically for the sake of manâ⬠(Environmental Ethics, 2007). With this quote in mind it is imperative that we act upon the things we can change and move in a direction that ensures the survival of our planet. After all we were given the intellect and a strong sense to survive. In conclusion, it is not too late to address these issues ethically. New ways of thinking need to be established regarding our ethical and moral obligations to our planet. As professor Alasdair states ââ¬Å"ethicists need not only respond to those they criticize for failure but to issue alternative means to figuring out the problems we face. â⬠New ideas and solutions to old problems will bring about change. We the human species have the capacity to learn from our mistakes and correct them. In the end it is about survival of the fittest and I believe the human race is all about survival. Save Our Planet Are we aware that we are slowly destroying our planet? We should think about our earthââ¬â¢s condition day by day because our planet is in great danger. We are very lucky that we can enjoy everything on earth like water, air, natural resource and others to be enjoyed. Nowadays we all know and realize how important it is to protect our planet, but we are mostly too busy or too lazy to make a big change that would improve our lifestyle and save the environment.Many simple ways we can do to take part to conserve our planet such as recycle, reuse and reduce all the things that we have. For example, if we have tons of clothes or things we want to get rid of but they are still usable, give them to someone who needs them so you will protect the environment. Many people do not know we can save energy when we turn off the household devices. Turn off the light when we leave a room, even if we intend to return. It is an easy habit to take up which will save a lot of moneyNo matter how busy w e are, we also can be one of the environment activists or volunteers in an association to increase the public and media awareness to protect our lovely planet such as running a zoo, overseeing conservation projects and caring for pets. We also need to change our lifestyle and practice a simple life like eating wisely and healthily, reduce wastage and make a pledge to be more earth friendly. Quit smoking and do not ever start if you are a non-smoker. In addition, driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution.Walk or use a bike if the journey is a short one because if we drive every day, it will contribute to air pollution. At least with this action, it would minimize the traffic jams, so use public transport like buses or train. In a nutshell, generally all of us know that earthââ¬â¢s ozone layer is decreasing. There is nothing new here but if we follow at least some of these tips, we can be proud of ourselves by participating in the protection of the environment. Save the ear th for our next future generation because our planet gives back to us what we have put in it! FARIZAIn addition, driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution. Walk or use bike if the journey is a short one because if we drive every day, it will contributed to air pollution. At least with this action would be minimized the traffic jammed so started from now go to anywhere by walking, cycling or use public transport like buses or train. In a nutshell, generally all of us know that earth ozone layer getting decrease. There is nothing new here but if we follow at least some of these tips, we can be proud of ourselves participating in the protection of the environment.Save the earth for our next future generation because our planet gives back to us what we have put in it! Many simple ways we can do to take part to conserve our planet such as recycle, reuse and reduce all the things that we have. We could donate our goods. For example, if we have tons of clothes or things we want to get rid of but they are still usable, give them to someone who needs them. We may also choose to give them to associations and they may sell them and collect a little money. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause.Many people do not know we can save energy when we do not use a house device, turn it off. If we do not watch television, turn it off. Turn off the light when we leave a room, even if we intend to return. It is an easy habit to take up which will save a lot of money. No matter how busy we are, we also can be one of the volunteer in an association to increase the public and media awareness to protect our lovely planet. We also need to change our lifestyle and practice a simple life like eat wisely and healthy, reduce wastage and make a pledge to be more earth friendly.Quit smoking and do not ever start if you are a non- smoker. Do we aware that we are slowly destroying our planet? We should think about our earth condition day by day because our planet is in great danger. We are very lucky can enjoy everything on earth likes water, air, natural resource and others to be enjoyed. Nowadays we all know and realize how importance to protect our planet, but we are mostly too busy or too lazy to put up big change that would improve our lifestyle and save the environment. LETââ¬â¢S SAVE OUR LOVELY PLANET!! Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-35635739972707075062020-01-02T09:58:00.001-08:002020-01-02T09:58:03.066-08:00The Rise of the Beast in Lord of the Flies Essay - 2349 Words Explain the emergence and rise of the beast in Lord of the flies by William Golding: Introduction. (1911 - 1993) Golding wrote Lord of the Flies shortly after learning of the horrors of World War II and the Holocaust. Here is some information about him. He was born in 1911 at Saint Columb Minor in Cornwall, England, Sir William Gerald Golding was educated at the Marlborough Grammar School, where his father taught, and later at Brasenose College, Oxford. Although educated to be a scientist at the wishes of his father, he soon developed a great interest in literature, becoming first devoted to Anglo-Saxon and then writing poetry. At Oxford he studied English literature and philosophy. Following a short period of time inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦His subsequent works include Pincher Martin (1956), the story of a guilt-ridden naval officer who faces an agonizing death, Free Fall (1959), and The Spire (1964), each of which deal with the depravity of human nature. The Spire is an allegory concerning the protagonists obsessive determination to build a cathedral spire regardless of the consequences. As well as his novels and his early collection of poems, Golding also published a play entitled The Brass Butterfly in 1958 and two collections of essays, The Hot Gates (1965) and A Moving Target (1982). Goldings final novels include Darkness Visible (1979), the story of a boy horribly injured during the London blitz of World War II, and Rites of Passage (1980). This novel won the Booker McConnell Prize, the most prestigious award for English literature, and inspired two sequels, Close Quarters (1987) and Fire Down Below (1989). These three novels portray life aboard a ship during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1983, Golding received the Nobel Prize for literature for his novels, which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today, and in 1988 Queen Elizabeth II knighted him. Sir William died in 1993 in Perranarworthal, Cornwall. At the time of his deathShow MoreRelatedThe Inner Human Beast in Lord of the Flies by William Golding696 Words à |à 3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses symbolism and parables to illustrate and define the human inner beast. There are some main ideas that William Golding sets forth in Lord of the Flies. These main ideas are impulses of mankind and they exist within all human beings in the world. The author talks about how mankind and society gives us rules and duties. Like to act peacefully, have moral standards, and how to accept others and their views. The story can be told as if it were civilization versusRead MoreLord of the Flies: Defects of Society Due to Nature of Individuals883 Words à |à 4 PagesLord of THe Flies: Defects of Society Due to Nature of Individuals The venturesome novel, Lord of the Flies, is an enchanting, audacious account that depicts the defects of society as the incorrigible nature of individuals when they are immature and without an overlooking authority. The author of the novel, William Golding, was born in Britain, which accounts for the English, cultured characters in the novel. After studying science at Oxford University for two years, he changed hisRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1731 Words à |à 7 Pagesactions; thus it can be said people are for the most part, dual natured. History is the biggest evidence to support this; for the cruel, bloody wars but also the random acts of kindness that keep the world from falling into complete despair. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the ominous novel explores the descent into madness of a group of boys that crash land on a stranded island amidst the commotion of the Cold War. As the book progresses, the main character, Ralph, assumes power over the groupRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words à |à 6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link togetherRead MoreWilliam Goldings View of Humanity1383 Words à |à 6 Pagesboys and cynical view of the war. William Golding says, the theme (of the book) is an attempt to trace back the defects of society to the defects of human nature... Goldings view of humanity is clearly displayed throughout Lord of the Flies. Through the constant symbolism we are made aware of Goldings pessimism towards society. As the book progresses he forms an allegory between the island and the real world. When the boys first arrive on the island they are fullRead MoreFear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies Essay1260 Words à |à 6 PagesFear of the Unknown Lord of the Flies By: Sam Baldwin 2012-05-22 Ms. Reis ENG30S Fear is one of the most powerful emotions that control the way any human being acts in certain circumstances. A distressing emotion aroused by impending evil and pain, whether the threat is real or imagined is described as fear. One of many prominent themes in William Golding s novel, the Lord of the Flies, is Fear of the unknown. From the beginning of the novel, the boys fear what they cannot see, the partsRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the Flies2333 Words à |à 10 PagesA Comparison of The Destructors and Lord of the Flies à à à à à In Graham Greenes The Destructors, the author presents the Wormsley Common car-park gang, a group of adolescent delinquents who commit petty crimes for fun. William Golding, in his novel Lord of the Flies, presents a slightly younger group of boys who are wrecked on an uninhabited island and develop a primitive society that eventually collapses and gives way to despotic savagery. Although these two casesRead MoreLord Of The Flies Symbolism Analysis1131 Words à |à 5 PagesIn Lord of the Flies (LoF) by William Golding, symbols are used to illustrate Goldingââ¬â¢s bleak views of the basic instincts of man. It appears that Golding believes that no matter whom you are or what your life is like, your basic instincts and compulsions are dark, and self-preserving. The majority of this story can be read symbolically whether through the islands structure, the characters if the boys, or the objects occurring within the book. However the symbolism of the conch, the lord of theRead MoreLord of the Flies - the Beast1347 Words à |à 6 PagesTHE BEAST Throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies, the boys on the island are constantly faced with various fears. However there is nothing on the island which they fear more than the beast. In Lord Of The Flies, the theme of the beast is extremely important. The beast represents the way in which man will try to convince himself that there is no evil inside of him by making someone or something else seem to be the cause for the evil. There are many examples of evidence to support this throughoutRead MoreComparative Essay: Leadership Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm1120 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Comparative essay: Leadership in Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm Essay question: You are required to write a comparative essay. You should compare one aspect of the texts such as theme, conflict, character or relationship. The texts are ââ¬ËLord of the Fliesââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËAnimal Farmââ¬â¢. The two books, Lord of the Flies and Animal Farm circle around the themes of power, leadership, law, disorder, good and evil. On a personal level, these themes come up in the way people relate to each other: How they Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-59129175539991599042019-12-25T06:25:00.001-08:002019-12-25T06:25:02.714-08:00The Radical Idea Of Marrying For Love - 923 Words Love is rarely the motivating reason for marriage, and Stephanie Coontzââ¬â¢s article, ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love,â⬠discusses this. Coontz brings forth a lot of information and many examples to inform the reader of how the western idea of marriage isnââ¬â¢t really as common as we believe that it is. She starts her article with a quote from George Bernard Shaw, who says that people who marry for love are, ââ¬Å"under the influence of the most violent, most insane, most delusive, and most transient of passionsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Many of the cultures that Coontz goes onto talk about later in the article share this viewpoint. The author writes about the history of marriage and touches on societies that have obscure views of it now. She does a great job of organizing the information into a timeline starting with marriage in the ancient times, love in African tribes, adultery throughout history, monogamy, and marriage now in Western society. Most of Western s ociety bases getting married on the idea of ââ¬Å"love until death.â⬠Coontz argues that this Western invention is and has often been seen as radical. First of all, Coontz begins her article by focusing on Ancient societies such as Ancient Greek and France during the Middle Ages, and how they shared the belief that marrying for love was a symptom of insanity. Falling in love in ancient India was viewed as being disruptive. She goes on to talk about how adultery was idealized in Europe, often being seen as the highest form of affectionShow MoreRelatedThe Radical Idea Of Marrying For Love882 Words à |à 4 Pageswants to spend the rest of her days with and marries him. But what connotations does the word ââ¬Å"marriageâ⬠have for this statement to be made? In her article, ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love,â⬠Stephanie Coontz writes on the contrasting cultural ideas of marriage, relationships, and love. She explains that for thousands of years, love was not seen as a necessity for marriages in different cultures, but now as a Western society, has been idolized into a primary component for marriage. She addsRead MoreThe Radical Idea of Marrying for Love Essay855 Words à |à 4 PagesRunning Head: The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love Summary of: The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love English 1102 Mrs. Charleston February 3, 2011 In ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love.â⬠Stephanie Coontz describes marriage as an ââ¬Å"institution that brings together two people.â⬠she shares the point that ââ¬Å"marriage should be based on intense, profound love and a couple should maintain their ardor until death do them partâ⬠(p. 378). Coontz talks about the history behind marriage. PeopleRead MoreSummar of The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love, by Stephanie Coontz965 Words à |à 4 PagesENG 112-250 Summary Final Draft Love Actually Author Stephanie Coontz writes about the ideas of love and marriage through out history in the article ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Love.â⬠Early in the article Coontz quotes an early twentieth century author by the name of George Bernard Shaw, who states, ââ¬Å"marriage is an institution that brings together two people under the influence of the most violent, most insane, most delusive, and most transient of passions. They are required to swear thatRead MoreEloping And Quick Vegas Marriages Banned Essay933 Words à |à 4 Pagesmarriage a good idea? People marrying today are in to big of a rush, don t know their partners, or what a long-lasting marriage entails. By reading Stephanie Coontzââ¬â¢s article ââ¬Å"The Radical Idea of Marrying for Loveâ⬠and Aviva Patz ââ¬Å"Will Your Marriage Last?â⬠I came to the conclusion that people should spend more time in a dating, and should be tested to see if they are really ready for marriage. Koontz, a histori an, wrote an article about the history of marriage and how our current idea of marriage hasnââ¬â¢tRead MoreThe Love Sick Society1531 Words à |à 7 Pages4/07/12 The Love Sick Marriage When we talk about marriage in this time period, we always expect there to be a sense of love behind this status, for the most part. However, where did this concept of ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠come from? Marriage in the past was very rarely associated with love. Love was seen as detrimental to the concept of marriage. In fact, in Ancient China, love was seen as ââ¬Å"disruptiveâ⬠and an act of being ââ¬Å"antisocialâ⬠(Coontz 378). So the question we ask ourselves is, where did this idea of love in marriageRead MoreEssay on Charlotte Temple - Ideas of Love1378 Words à |à 6 PagesCharlotte Temple - Ideas of Love In the 18th century, when Charlotte Temple was written, societyââ¬â¢s ideas about women, love, and obligations were extremely different from views held in the 20th century. Women did not have many rights, and society made them think that their place in life was to marry well. They were not supposed to have desires or hopes for an amazing kind of love. They were merely supposed to marry the man who their families intended them to marry, and live their livesRead MoreMy Dear And Loving Husband By Anne Bradstreet929 Words à |à 4 Pagesno mention of love, yet in western civilization, love is considered the deciding factor in taking that leap. Anne Bradstreet wrote in her poem To My Dear and Loving Husband ââ¬Å"If ever two were one, then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee; if ever wife was happy in a man, Compare with me ye women if you can (CITATION).â⬠Even though she lived in a Puritan home, Bradshaw freely expressed her love for her husband. This expression could have been viewed as just as radical as homosexualRead MoreWoman Must Marry in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay604 Words à |à 3 Pagesand she married him because he could financially care for her. As Mrs. Bennetââ¬â¢s beauty faded, so did his love for her. This is partially why Mr. Bennet questions Elizabeth so extensively about her feelings for Mr. Darcy. Once he is ensured that Lizzie is marrying for lo ve he tells her he could not part with her for anyone less worthy. Jane and Elizabeth shared the same radical idea of marrying a man because of the size of their heart instead of the size of their pocket book. The girls fought againstRead More How Elizabeth Bennet is used by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice1501 Words à |à 7 Pagesappropriate gentlemen for their daughters, and it was often the case that couples would meet at parties and balls organised by respectable members of society. It is said in the novel that to be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love. This is evident as when describing Mrs Bennet Jane Austen writes The business of her life was to get her daughters married. Elizabeth Bennet stands at the centre of the novel pride and prejudice as a woman who differs from ordinary womenRead MoreMinor Characters in Pride and Prejudice: Charlottes Influence on Elizabeth887 Words à |à 4 Pagesman and the desire to not burden her parents any longer. On the other hand, Elizabeth believes that marriage should be for the love of another, not based upon dowry or arrangements. Because of the contrast between both womenââ¬â¢s ideals, the relationships between Darcy and Collins are understandable. The reason Elizabeth turned Mr. Collins away was because she did not love him and the reason Charlotte accepted his proposal was because she wanted that stability. Elizabeth fell for Mr. Darcy in the Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-44744589911599616742019-12-17T02:14:00.001-08:002019-12-17T02:14:04.288-08:00Fast Food And The Kingdom Of The Fast Foods Industry ââ¬Å"America,â⬠it is the one of the greatest nation in the world, and it is also known as the cradle and the kingdom of the fast food industry. Since White Castle, which was known as the first fast food chain in the United States, was established by Walter Anderson and Edgar Waldo ââ¬Å"Billyâ⬠Ingram in 1921 (Kieler), other fast food chains also emerged such as McDonalds, Taco bell, Burger King, or Wendyââ¬â¢s after 1941 (Wilson). Among those various fast food chains, especially, McDonalds became the biggest fast food chain not only in the overall America but also all around the world (Wilson). Nowadays, fast food is serving 50,000,000 people in the United States (ââ¬Å"Statistic Brainâ⬠). Fast food has become kind of daily food in America. However,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In the modern age, most people are so busy that they cannot even spend their time for eating or sleeping (Hamrick). As time goes on, people want something fast, convenient and comforta ble. This situation definitely is the main background of the emergence of fast food industry. In order to satisfy modern peopleââ¬â¢s desire, fast food industry could emerge (Hamrick). One of the main advantages of fast food is making food so quickly so that modern people, who are so busy, can easily save their time, and they donââ¬â¢t have to waste time to cook. Most fast food chains also have drive-thru, so that people can easily order their food in their cars, and they donââ¬â¢t even need to get out of their cars to purchase. When compared to other traditional restaurants, people can realize that they save their time more than an hour from ordering to finishing their meals (Editorial Staff). This benefit is definitely the main reason why people want to buy fast food (ââ¬Å"The Role of Time in Fast-Food Purchasing Behavior in the United Statesâ⬠). And this time that saved by fast food can be useful for people to spend their time effectively and efficiently. Accordin g to the survey in Office Team, half of workers in the United States have only 30 minutes for a lunch break (Park). It means that many workers cannot afford their time to eat in traditional restaurants. Thus, fast food helps them to buy and to eat a food during their short Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-10044843905577434652019-12-08T22:56:00.001-08:002019-12-08T22:56:03.092-08:00Anthropolgy Essay Example For Students Anthropolgy Essay Anthropology- the study of humankind everywhere, through time, seeks to produce reliable knowledge about people and their behavior, both about what makes them different and what they have in common. What They Do- Physical anth- study humans as biological organisms, tracing there evolutionary development of the human animal and looking at biological variations within the species, past and present (human evol, Primates, Human diversity. Cultural Anth- is concerned with human cultures, or the ways of life in societies. Culture bound- Theories about the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of ones own culture. Within the field of cultural anth are Archaeologist- Is the branch of cultural anth that studies material remains in order to describe and explain human behavior. Traditionally it has focused on the human past, for material products of behavior, rather then behavior itself, are all that survive of the past. They did the Arizona garbage project. Linguists- who studi es language, by which cultures are maintained and passed on to succeeding generations. Ethnologist- Or sociocultral anth, concentrates on cultures of the present. Human behavior as it can be seen, experienced, and even discussed with those whose culture is to be introduced. How do they do what they do- anth, in common with other scientist are concerned with the formulation and testing of hypothesis, or tentative explanations of observed phoneme. In so doing, they hope develop readable theories- explanations supported by bodies of data-although they recognize that no theory is ever completely beyond challenge. In order to frame hypothesis that are as objective and free of culture bias as possible, Anth typically develop them through a kind of total immersion in the field, becoming so familiar with the minuet details of the situation that they can begin to recognize patterns in the data. It is also through fieldwork that anth test existing hypotheses. Ethnology- the systematic description of a particular culture based on first hand observation. Holistic perspective-A fundamental principle of anth, that the various parts of culture must be viewed in the broadest possible context to understand their interconnections and interdependenceParticipant observation through direct participation in every day life for an extended period of time. Ethnohistory-is a kind of historical ethnology that studies cultures of the recent past through the accounts of explore, and through analysis of such data land titles, birth records and so on. CH-2- Archaeologist- Are anth that many study human past physical remains. Paleonthropologist- An anth who studies human evolution from fossil remains. Artifact- any object fashioned altered by humans. Stuart Piggot a British archeologist called it the study of rubbish. Fossil- the preserved remains of plats and animals that lived in the past. Unaltered fossil- Remains of plats and animals which lived in the past that have not been altered. Ex- iceman. Altered fossil- fossils that have been altered by organic material by calcium carbonate or silica. Site- In archaeology, a place containing remains of human activity. Fossil- Locality- In a place were fossils are found. Soil Marks- stains, which show up on the surface of recently plowed fields that, reveal an arch site. Grid system- recording data from an arch site. Datum point- The starting, or reference point for a grid system. Flotation- an arch technique employed to recover very tiny objets by immersion of soil through water. Strat ified- Layered of arch sites where the remains lie in layers, one upon another. !/4 of arch sites by accident. ? by arch survey. Cultural Resource Management (CRM) Relative dating- Fossils being older or younger then another. Absolute or Chronometrical dates- Dates for arch materials based on solar years, centuries, or other units of absolute time. Stratigraphy- Layer dating. Fluorine Test- The amount of fluorine in bones. Radiocarbon analysis- unstable isotope, Decays to nitrogen n14 (c14 dating) half-life is 5730.Dendrochronology- Tree ring testing, based on chronometrical dating. Potassium -argon analysis- ratio of radioactive potassium to argon in volcanic debris associated with human remains. Electron spin resonance ? a tech for chromatic dating that measures the number of trapped electrons in a bone or shell. CH-3-Primate order- The group of mammals that include lemurs, lorries, tarsiers, monkeys apes and humans. Genes- potions of DNA molecules that direct the development of t he observable or identifiable traits. DNA- the genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid, a complex molecule with info to direct the synthesis of proteins. They can produce exact copies of themselves. Chromosome- In the cell nucleus, long strands of DNA combine with proteins. Alleles- Alternate forms of single gene. Ex (brown blue eyes). Mitosis- Cell division that produces new cells having exactly the same number of chromosomes pairs, and hence genes, the parent cells. Meiosis- Cell division, that produces the sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes, and hence, as the parent cell. Homozygous refers to a chromosome pair that bears identical alleles for a single gene. Heterozygous- refers to a chromosome pair that bears different alleles for a single gene. Genotype- The actual genetic makeup of an organism. Phenotype- The physical appearance of an organism that may not reflect a particular genotype because the latter may or may not include recessive alleles. Hemoglo bin- the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells. Sickle-cell anemia- an inherited form of anemia caused by the red blood cells assuming a sickle shape. Loc. in chromsone#21 3 copies. Polygenetic inheritance- When 2 or more genes work together to effect a single phenotypic character. Population- individuals that can interbreed. Gene Pool- the total genes of a population. Hardy-Weinburg Principle- Demo algebraically that the percentage of individuals that are homozygous for the dominant allele, homozygous for the recessive allele, and heterozygous should remain constant from one generation to the next, provided that certain conditions are met. Evolution- A heritable change in genotype that becomes effective in the gene pool of a pop. Mutation- Chemical alteration of a gene that produces a new allele. Genetic Drift- Chance fluctuations of an allele frequencies in a gene pool of a popu. (Mud slid). Gene flow- the introduction of alleles from the gene pool of one pop into tha t of another. (River dividing mammals). Divergent evolution_ an evolutionary process in which an ancestral population gives rise to two or more descendant population that differs from one to another. Convergent evolution- A process in which two phylogenetic unrelated organisms develops greater similarities. Species- A pop that can inter breed, reproductively isolated from other pop. Race- A pop of a species that differs in the frequency of some allele or alleles from other po of the same species. Isolating mechanism- Factors that separate breeding pop, creating divergent races and ultimately divergent species. CH-14-What is culture? Culture consists of the abstract values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world that lie behind peoples behavior and that are reflected by their behavior. Members of a society share these, and when they are acted upon, these elements produce behavior that is intelligible to other members of that society. Cultures are learned, rather then inherited biologi cally, and they are learned largely through the medium of language. The parts of a culture function as an integrated whole. Culture- the ideals, values and beliefs of a society share to interrupt experience and generate behavior and that are reflected by their behavior. Society- A group of people who have a common homeland, are interdependent and share a common culture. Social structure- the relationships as group within a society that hold it together. Gender- the elaborations and meanings cultures assign to the biological differentiation of the sexes. Subculture- (Amish) A distinctive set of standards and behavior patterns that a group within a larger society operates by. Pluralistic societies- Societies that have diversity cultureMythology Essays Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-68365455464161046492019-12-01T10:38:00.001-08:002019-12-01T10:38:03.740-08:00The Great Recession of 2008 Essay ExampleThe Great Recession of 2008 Essay A recession is full-proof sign of declined activity within the economic environment. Many economists generally define the attributes of a recession are two consecutive quarters with declining GDP. Many factors contribute to an economys fall into a recession, but the major cause argued is inflation. As individuals or even businesses try to cut costs and spending this causes GDP to decline, unemployment rate can rise due to less spending which can be one of the combined factors when an economy falls into a recession. Inflation is the general rise in prices of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can happen for reasons such as higher energy and production costs and that includes governmental debt. Great Recession of 2008 Introduction The U. S. 2008 recession was felt in nearly every countryââ¬â¢s economy worldwide. As inflation increased and various other factors began to fail the United States economic system a global recession began to take place. The U. S. began to face hardships such as high unemployment, bank failure, rising energy costs, housing and auto bubbles that ruptured into a global crisis. Although, much of the media focus was initially known as the so-called, ââ¬Å"super powerâ⬠U. S. , now as more attention is being shifted to Japan the worldââ¬â¢s number two economy and other nations financial markets. The global downturn had the potential to affect exports which the Sweden market experienced because of their high percentage of contributed over half to their GDP. However, during the next few pages we will elaborate further on the how the U. S. 2008 recession is dissimilar and parallel with that of Japan and Swedenââ¬â¢s. Also, listed will be those economic actions implemented that were effective or unsuccessful in fighting the recession. Similarities of U. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Recession of 2008 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Recession of 2008 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Recession of 2008 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer S. Recession and Other Nations Japan and Sweden both had similar attributes and causes of the economic global downturn with those of the United States. â⬠¢Japan is the second largest economy in the world. However, experiencing two straight quarters of declining GDP Japan followed the U. S. into a massive recession. As the U. S. began to experience low consumer confidence and demand, Japanââ¬â¢s corporate powerhouses such as Toyota, Honda, and even Sony profits took a dive. The nationââ¬â¢s export driven economy watched overall global demand slow down especially since the U. S. s one of Japanââ¬â¢s biggest customers for exporting goods. According to CNN Money, Stocks in Japan and the United States have been equally hard hit, falling 42% and 33% respectively (CNN Money, 2010). Both Japan and the U. S. dollar weakness helped to hinder economic recovery. Slow growth in Japanese bank loans had added to the similarities as the U. S. did. ââ¬Å"Falling home and stock prices re duced consumer wealth. Feeling poorer, consumers were less willing to buy goods and services at the prevailing price level. This aggregate demand led to a drop in equilibrium GDPâ⬠(Schiller, p. 167). As the known business cycle of alternating periods of economic growth and contraction, the United States financial sector affected the financial systems through its exposure to foreign financial assets with high level risks. Thus, the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve is reinforced by changes in imports and exports (Schiller, 2010). Great Recession of 2008 â⬠¢Sweden has more similarities with the U. S. recession than that of Japan. Both the United States and Sweden are mixed economies, and both experienced the housing crisis with helped lead to one of the worst recessions on record that has been felt globally. In Sweden the residential price falls, and a significant decline in property sales which resulted in overall slowdown of construction activity. The 2008 great recession is global and Sweden was not immune. As consumers began to spend less, other people and businesses arenââ¬â¢t earning any money, which eventually led to high unemployment rates such as that of the U. S. this began to spread even further. According to Sweden real estate, exports accounted for 54% of GDP, with 60% of exports and 70% of imports going to the EU (2010). However, Sweden and the United States are also significant trading partners, with the U. S. spending less and losing more jobs. As demand fell so did Swedenââ¬â¢s export contribution to its GDP, thus spiraling Sweden into a recession. Key interest rates began to fall in Sweden same as in the United States due to the global financial meltdown. ââ¬Å"As the demand for loans diminish, interest rates tend to decline as wellâ⬠(Schiller, 2010). Dissimilarities of U. S. Recession and Other Nations Although, Japan and Sweden had few similarities with those of the United States during the Great Recession, there were dissimilarities that displayed the U. S. failure to achieve full employment GDP and other factors. Japanââ¬â¢s unemployment rate of about 4% opposed to the U. S. unemployment rate of close to 10%. Even the financial debt to GDP ration is an advantage, and debt in the private sector has not increased unlike the U. S. and European countries, (Time, 2009). In addition, since Japan is a huge exporter and with the U. S. demand going downward, the international balances and growth declined especially as the dollar value dropped and the yen surged. â⬠¢Unlike the United States, Sweden took a double hit as weak international demand for its products and interest rates at home ââ¬â GDP contracted by 0. % down, according to Sweden Real Estate (2010). Swedenââ¬â¢s home prices keep rising while the U. S. home prices had plummeted. As the United States continued to lose jobs monthly, Sweden kept the unemployed working thus, keeping them employed as jobs were affected globally. Internal market forces may have kept unemployment rising however, instability keep consumer confidence at bay. Great Recession of 2008 Government Economic Actions from Other Nations Both Japan and Sweden acknowledged the global economic situation that their country was now experiencing. With this acknowledge came much action to help aid in multiple shifts such as a rightward shift of the aggregated demand curve which can cause a recovery, with real GDP and employment increasing (Schiller, 2010) which was much needed not only in Japan and Sweden, but worldwide. â⬠¢Japan did a lot in terms of capital injection, recapitalization, public investment, and tax cuts. However, many agreed that many of the Japanese tactics helped to stabilize the economy, but these effects did not help recover the economy as originally first thought. Japan announced an economic stimulus package to help curb the recession which included the following actions: expanded credits for small business and a cash payout to every household to spur spending. Also tax breaks for workers affected by the recession and home buyers. This also injected funds into the markets and support for mid-sized businesses (Time, 2009). My favorite incentives include low interest mortgages for new home buyers and incentives for ââ¬Å"greenâ⬠technologies. â⬠¢Sweden was proactive in its approach to minimize and reduce the recessionââ¬â¢s impact on its citizens and economy. Sweden kept itââ¬â¢s unemployment from soaring by cutting unemployment benefits and lowering taxes on low-income workers. However, this was not enough as the Swedish government presented a crisis package. One of the main actions of Sweden was being one of the first banks in Europe to make a large cut in its official bank rate. Moving further, the Swedish government provided a reduced in employment tax by half for the hiring of people who are long-term unemployed, the maintenance of railways and roads, construction programs, trainee programs, and student grants for individuals over the age of 25 years (Time 2009). Japan and Sweden received criticism for the stimulus/crisis packages to help their perspective nations to recover. Citing that packages were either not sufficient or they were short-term fixes. Also, critics were angry of the excessive spending which in short added to the rising debt of unemployment benefits, construction packages, and interest rates. Ultimately, this was and still is a global recession. There has to be a long- run self-adjustment formulated to not only entice investors, but provide confidence in the consumer again. Since the United States provides 70% in spending to the GDP while countries like Japan and Sweden provide the U. S. imports of various goods and services, this provides a healthy, global business cycle that incorporate growth in each contribution sector to every countries GDP. Great Recession of 2008 United States Economic Actions As the United States entered a new phase with a new president, a recession loomed amongst the nation. This recession was not like any other recession within the past two decades, but one that is compared to one such as the Great Depression that lasted a decade. Although the United States is known to be the biggest economy worldwide, it is not immune to global catastrophe. Many nations rely upon the U. S. for exports and imports and investors take notice. Although, the U. S. is a strong nation, a push for a faster economic recovery was addressed. The United States economic stimulus package was a $787 billion sanction which was the biggest bill since the great depression. The package included the following: â⬠¢Energy efficiency and renewable energy projects â⬠¢Science and technology to improve broadband internet â⬠¢Infrastructure for highways, bridges and clean water Education and healthcare â⬠¢Interest rate of 0% `The U. S. stimulus package was parallel to that of Japan and Sweden with the ââ¬Å"greenâ⬠initiative to save and preserve energy, also the infrastructure idea to create jobs and keep the citizens minds at bay and become more confident in the system. We must remember that economic stimulus is another means by which a government can seek to boost its economy, either in the short term, by encouraging consumers or companies to consume goods, or in the longer term, by encouraging the growth of businesses and the creation of jobs through investments in infrastructure and research. Education was a big change with both Sweden and the United States (Teslik, 2009). It certainly depends on the individual and critics to assume what was successful and what wasnââ¬â¢t. For example, a homeowner that receives tax credit for new more energy efficient appliances may think that the package has worked in his/her favor. Or even the person that purchases a new vehicle during the cash for clunkers deal, this may be a great experience and the stimulus is working for him/her. However, there are always the negative experiences when a college graduate wants and is eager to enter the work force, but is discouraged when him/her have been searching for over a year. Nevertheless, there is part of the stimulus that had to be altered from my experience. President Bush gave every household a lump sum depending on your household size and dependants. Many of the individuals either saved the money or spent on necessities. However, later as President Obama acknowledged did not work, he later revised and gave the tax break it increments on your payroll or unemployment check. Great Recession of 2008 Conclusion The U. S. 2008 recession was like no other, economists mention a stronger comparison with the 2008 recession to that of the great depression. The 2008 recession was and still is in fact, one of the worst recessions on record. Many individuals donââ¬â¢t realize the impact the U. S. has on other nations. In my opinion, if the U. S. does not recover the surrounding the neighboring nations that have a relationship with the United States will falter and potentially end up bankrupt. This new millennium does not compare to the 1920ââ¬â¢s and 30ââ¬â¢s. This new day and age bring mass media coverage, global corporations, extensive investing, trade, external shocks, policy levers, and international balances. There is a difference. There will always be critics to voice what went wrong and what should have been done prior to a recession occurring. Nonetheless, a recession is needed for growth and creative innovation for a country to continue to develop. The determinants and outcomes of the economy are important and is a direct effect of the nationââ¬â¢s GDP. The uses of monetary and fiscal policies are important when trying to shift the AD curve and have the nation recover from a recession. Although spending exists with a deficit that continues to grow, the nation will prevail as it had before. The United States have learned much from many nations such as Japan with the lost decade and Swedenââ¬â¢s double dipping economy. The great recession of 2008 has taught many businesses, citizens, and global governments many lessons and through these lessons is preparation for a new tenure. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-16987205088520646712019-11-26T15:32:00.001-08:002019-11-26T15:32:04.170-08:00Free Essays on Beauty Is Blue EyesBeauty is Blue Eyes Beauty is considered in many different ways. Some say it is all in oneââ¬â¢s body. Some say it is the intelligence of a person. Some say ââ¬Å"beauty is in the eyes.â⬠In the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, beauty is in the eyes, social class, and skin color. The thought of beauty surrounds and consumes the characters, especially Pecola Breedlove. Pecola chooses to hide from her disabling life behind her clouded dream of possessing the ever so cherished ââ¬Å"bluest of eyesâ⬠. The Breedloveââ¬â¢s constant bickering and ever growing poverty contributes to the emotional downfall of this little girl. Pecolaââ¬â¢s misery is caused through the touch of her fatherââ¬â¢s hand and of her communityââ¬â¢s struggle with racial separation, anger, and ignorance. Her innocence is harshly ripped from her grasp as her father rapes her sad existence. The communityââ¬â¢s anger with itââ¬â¢s own insecurities is taken out on this poor, ugly, black, non-ideal, young girl. She shields herself from this sorrow behind her obsessive wanting for blue eyes. But her eyes do not replace the pain of carrying her own fatherââ¬â¢s baby. Nor do they protect her from the judging eyes of her neighbors. When Claudia, Frieda, Pecola, and Maureen Peal, a well-loved ââ¬Å"beautyâ⬠of Lorain, are walking home from school. As the girls walk down the street, they begin to bicker. The conversation ends with Maureen stomping away and letting them know that she is indeed ââ¬Å"cuteâ⬠. Claudia then thinks to herself, ââ¬Å"If she was cuteand if anything could be believed, she wasthen we were not. And what did that mean? We were lesser. Nicer, brighter, but still lesser. Dolls we could destroy, but we could not destroy the honey voices of parents and aunts, the obedience in the eyes of our peers, the slippery light in the eyes of our teachers when they encouraged the Maureen Peals of the world. What was the secret? What did we lack? Why was it ... Free Essays on Beauty Is Blue Eyes Free Essays on Beauty Is Blue Eyes Beauty is Blue Eyes Beauty is considered in many different ways. Some say it is all in oneââ¬â¢s body. Some say it is the intelligence of a person. Some say ââ¬Å"beauty is in the eyes.â⬠In the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, beauty is in the eyes, social class, and skin color. The thought of beauty surrounds and consumes the characters, especially Pecola Breedlove. Pecola chooses to hide from her disabling life behind her clouded dream of possessing the ever so cherished ââ¬Å"bluest of eyesâ⬠. The Breedloveââ¬â¢s constant bickering and ever growing poverty contributes to the emotional downfall of this little girl. Pecolaââ¬â¢s misery is caused through the touch of her fatherââ¬â¢s hand and of her communityââ¬â¢s struggle with racial separation, anger, and ignorance. Her innocence is harshly ripped from her grasp as her father rapes her sad existence. The communityââ¬â¢s anger with itââ¬â¢s own insecurities is taken out on this poor, ugly, black, non-ideal, young girl. She shields herself from this sorrow behind her obsessive wanting for blue eyes. But her eyes do not replace the pain of carrying her own fatherââ¬â¢s baby. Nor do they protect her from the judging eyes of her neighbors. When Claudia, Frieda, Pecola, and Maureen Peal, a well-loved ââ¬Å"beautyâ⬠of Lorain, are walking home from school. As the girls walk down the street, they begin to bicker. The conversation ends with Maureen stomping away and letting them know that she is indeed ââ¬Å"cuteâ⬠. Claudia then thinks to herself, ââ¬Å"If she was cuteand if anything could be believed, she wasthen we were not. And what did that mean? We were lesser. Nicer, brighter, but still lesser. Dolls we could destroy, but we could not destroy the honey voices of parents and aunts, the obedience in the eyes of our peers, the slippery light in the eyes of our teachers when they encouraged the Maureen Peals of the world. What was the secret? What did we lack? Why was it ... Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-71454885500960056572019-11-22T22:55:00.001-08:002019-11-22T22:55:05.601-08:00Conditions for Using a Binomial DistributionConditions for Using a Binomial Distribution Binomial probability distributions are useful in a number of settings. It is important to know when this type of distribution should be used. We will examine all of the conditions that are necessary in order to use a binomial distribution. The basic features that we must have are for a total of n independent trials are conducted and we want to find out the probability of r successes, where each success has probability p of occurring. There are several things stated and implied in this brief description. The definition boils down to these four conditions: Fixed number of trialsIndependent trialsTwo different classificationsThe probability of success stays the same for all trials All of these must be present in the process under investigation in order to use the binomial probability formula or tables. A brief description of each of these follows. Fixed Trials The process being investigated must have a clearly defined number of trials that do not vary. We cannot alter this number midway through our analysis. Each trial must be performed the same way as all of the others, although the outcomes may vary. The number of trials is indicated by an n in the formula. An example of having fixed trials for a process would involve studying the outcomes from rolling a die ten times.à Here each roll of the die is a trial. The total number of times that each trial is conducted is defined from the outset. Independent Trials Each of the trials has to be independent. Each trial should have absolutely no effect on any of the others. The classical examples of rolling two dice or flipping several coins illustrate independent events. Since the events are independent we are able to use the multiplication rule to multiply the probabilities together. In practice, especially due to some sampling techniques, there can be times when trials are not technically independent. A binomial distribution can sometimes be used in these situations as long as the population is larger relative to the sample. Two Classifications Each of the trials is grouped into two classifications: successes and failures. Although we typically think of success as a positive thing, we should not read too much into this term. We are indicating that the trial is a success in that it lines up with what we have determined to call a success. As an extreme case to illustrate this, suppose we are testing the failure rate of light bulbs. If we want to know how many in a batch will not work, we could define success for our trial to be when we have a light bulb that fails to work. A failure of the trial is when the light bulb works. This may sound a bit backward, but there may be some good reasons for defining the successes and failures of our trial as we have done. It may be preferable, for marking purposes,à to stress that there is a low probability of a light bulb not working rather than a high probability of a light bulb working. Same Probabilities The probabilities of successful trials must remain the same throughout the process we are studying. Flipping coins is one example of this. No matter how many coins are tossed, the probability of flipping a head is 1/2 each time. This is another place where theory and practice are slightly different. Sampling without replacement can cause the probabilities from each trial to fluctuate slightly from each other. Suppose there are 20 beagles out of 1000 dogs. The probability of choosing a beagle at random is 20/1000 0.020. Now choose again from the remaining dogs. There are 19 beagles out of 999 dogs. The probability of selecting another beagle is 19/999 0.019. The value 0.2 is an appropriate estimate for both of these trials. As long as the population is large enough, this sort of estimation does not pose a problem with using the binomial distribution. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-55340923213926474362019-11-21T03:39:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:39:15.926-08:00Starwood Part Five Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsStarwood Part Five - Research Paper Example Using bed linens and terrycloth as the commodity on study, the paper looks at some of the procedures that will be required to procure only the best of the bed linen and terrycloth, citing cases where it is possible to change the suppliers dealing with a particular commodity or product. This paper furthermore explores Starwood evaluation method of the suppliersââ¬â¢ performance in relation to contract metrics that the company will use against the suppliers. Starwood- Supply Strategy Starwood is a multinational company with operations in North America and the Caribbean. It mainly concentrates its businesses in the hospitality industry with many hotels in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean. With such a huge presence in the hospitality industry, it presents a huge challenge especially when handling issues of procurement as all operations have to be coordinated. The procurement gets more challenging when it comes to the supply chain section as the process is continuous with th e suppliers providing goods and services to the company. The president of strategic sourcing will mostly be the one in charge of ensuring everything runs smoothly when it comes to procurement. Some factors that might trigger the supply chain includes when sections of Starwoodââ¬â¢s hotels might need to change products and get new ones , when the contracts with the suppliers expire and in some cases when the group in charge of the hotel designs come up with new ideas that need to be implemented. Cases where a specific hotel or resort requiring local contract will also call for the involvement of the supply chain department. According to Wieland and Wallenburg (2011), the supply chain is a very intricate and dynamic supply and demand channel. Usually supply chain is made up of various systems of business, people, expertise and machinery, information and also funds for the purpose of transferring a product or service from one party that provides it that is the supplier to another th at needs it- the customer. During the supply chain, the end product delivered to the customer can vary from the raw natural resources and materials to machinery. Sourcing Strategy of Starwood When a product needs to be sourced to the hotel, it will have gone into consideration from the specification effected by factors like the customers, maintenance and even the chefs in the hotels restaurant or the housekeeping department in the hotel. If the said product or service is not available or does not exist, it implies that the sourcing will be done from both the domestic and international suppliers. In cases where the product is available then, only the renewal of the contract with the supplier will be viable but in some cases a new supplier might be procured for the supply (Anna 2006). A paper or electronic form will be sent to the potential suppliers requesting information of their services or products and the price quote and all the responses received by Starwood will be kept in a da tabase to help in vetting the suppliers in future too. Thereafter, only the suppliers matching the companyââ¬â¢s minimum requirement will be shortlisted. However this will not be necessarily based on the finance of the shortlisted company. Other factors will be considered like quality of the product and service, the area of operation, and also the legalities of the supplying Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-2483908823329652062019-11-19T13:46:00.001-08:002019-11-19T13:46:04.253-08:00Corporate Performace Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 wordsCorporate Performace - Coursework Example McDonald's Corporation was also analyzed under the lens of SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix and Porter's Competitive Forces. These techniques help us assess the various policies and strategies that the business is following. Furthermore, they are also a snap-shot of business as a whole and tell us at a glance, whether the business is doing well or not In the end, the current performance of McDonald's Corporation is compared with its past performance and its future prospects are discussed in great detail. The future prospects are based on the strategies that McDonald's Corporation is planning to implement. The report ends with some suggestions that McDonald's Corporation could adopt to help them further improve their condition and could help them reach new heights. McDonald is perhaps the most successful corporation of the world. There's no magic formula to it, but the company believes that its success has come due to their insistence on their values and because of their belief in truthfulness and honesty. "At McDonald's, success has always involved a not-so-profound formula involving one-part inspiration and four-parts perspiration. Our founder, Ray Kroc, coined the phrase "grinding it out" to characterize the determination and attention to detail that is required to be successful in our industry. "Grinding it out" was his way of saying the restaurant business is, and always will be, a labor intensive operation. It was hard work and determination that built McDonald's - and today, those same qualities drive our success." (McDonald's Corporation Annual Report, 2008). The above statement clearly indicates that hardwork and determination is the most followed principle in this corporation. They also believe in their past values and think their success has come about due to the value given to the organization by their founding father Ray Kroc. McDonald's Corporation gives a lot of importance to their customer choice. It has recently added new product in line with what customers want. These additions have become instant hit, which is not only good for the business, but has also given increased weight to the McDonald's menu and increased the choice as they now offer variety of products. "Whether you prefer beef or chicken, salads or sandwiches, breakfast or desserts, there's something for every appetite and occasion at McDonald's. In every country, our menus balance classic favorites with new tastes and local flavors. We're also a beverage destination with offerings such as sweet tea, juices and McCaf coffees." (McDonald's Corporation Annual Report, 2007). According to Richard L. Daft, in order assess the success of an organization, you do not look at only the financial figures of the company, but you also Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-76625663731580278212019-11-17T02:18:00.001-08:002019-11-17T02:18:08.508-08:00High Stakes Testing Essay Example for Free High Stakes Testing Essay Tests are a very important tool for measuring achievement; therefore, they should be part of a system which provides equitable learning access to all students. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) which requires states to develop accountability systems and provide assessment of the studentsââ¬â¢ performance in order to receive federal funding accordingly has led to the necessity of implementing large-scale testing. The goal of using these types of tests can be considered praiseworthy if the tests are designed in such a way that all students are tested on a curriculum they have had a fair opportunity to learn (especially racial and ethnic minority students or students with a disability or limited English proficiency) the tests are scored properly, taking into account that the test scores of those students with limited English skills should be interpreted in accordance with those limitations the tests are used appropriately. For example, a test that has been validated only for diagnosing strengths and weaknesses of individual students should not be used to evaluate the educational quality of a school. The public schools of North Carolina, for example, carry a very high-stakes accountability program known as The New ABCs of Public Education. which has had a major impact on curriculum, instruction, assessment, and school personnel throughout the state. The program requires: End-of-Grade Tests (3-8 and 10), End-of-Course Tests (on Algebra I, Algebra II, Biology, Chemistry, Civics Economics, English I, Geometry, Physical Science, Physics, U. S. History, NCCLAS ), Tests of Computer Skills, Competency Tests, Writing Assessments Grades 4, 7, and 10, IDEAà ® English Language Proficiency Tests. Each North Carolina school, as well as any school in any other state has to give itself an annual report card, with assessment results broken down by poverty, race, ethnicity, High Stakes Testing 2 disability, and English-language proficiency. In this way, the race for more and better information about school performance sets off. More attention should be paid to the quality of data educational authorities receive as it is a fact that there are schools which are painting a picture prettier than reality, thus misleading authorities, taxpayers and what is even worse, keeping students trapped in low quality institutions. Under NCLB, if schools fail to make adequate yearly progress on state tests for three consecutive years, students can use federal funds to transfer to higher-performing public or private schools, or to obtain supplemental education services from providers of their choice but this could not be possible if the low-quality institutions they attend remain invisible under misleading reports of pretended excellence. In many districts, raising test scores are the most important indicators of school improvement so teachers feel the pressure to ensure that test scores go up. Knowing that schools that fail for four to five consecutive years may face state takeovers, have their staffs replaced, or be bid out to private management some teachers narrow the curriculum and teach only what is covered on the test. There are many issues that should be taken into account when it comes to evaluating high stake assessment. One of them is the reliability of high stake tests which is definitely at risk when large subject domains (mathematics, language arts) are measured with relatively few questions and a narrow focus on skills and knowledge. Major decisions like getting a diploma or being promoted to the next grade require a balance of information including in-class performance, interviews, observation, projects, and class work. Perhaps the most important critical claim is that standardized tests do not measure critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, and other similar important aspects of intelligence. Students who are perfectly intelligent can perform poorly in high-stakes testing, and this can have serious consequences for the student as well as his or her school. High Stakes Testing 3 In my opinion, the first of the three most important issues in high stakes testing is the type of test used. Large-scale high-stakes testing programs are primarily focused on serving the goals of norming and selection rather than student mastery of content and problem-solving (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, Glaser, 2001). These two types of testing are almost impossible to reconcile. A second issue of great importance is assessment of learning versus assessment for learning (Stiggins, 2002) There is a distinction between high-stakes testing (assessment of learning) and the formative assessment techniques that teachers may use throughout the year to foster learning (assessment for learning). In the case of the former, the goal of the test is to measure what students know or can do. In the case of the latter, the goal of the test is to provide information that will improve student learning. The third most important issue is, in my opinion, the test / curriculum adjustment. Appropriate assessments measure the objectives set out at the classroom level and at the same time reflect curriculum (or content) that has been selected to reach the specified objectives. To sum up, any decision about a students continued education, such as retention, tracking, or graduation, should not be based only on the results of a single test, but should include other relevant and valid information. The classroom is the realm of the teacher. State tests do not tell teachers how to teach, they suggest what should be taught, so there is no reason why students cannot learn how to think critically, solve problems or develop their creativity. State tests are taken at the end of the year or course, so teachers have the opportunity to diagnose their studentsââ¬â¢ needs and work on their improvement so that by the time they sit for the tests they can feel confident and succeed as expected. It is only fair to use test results in high-stakes decisions when students have had a real opportunity to master the materials upon which the test is based and this cannot be achieved without an active and professional teacher. Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2210571389389400004.post-71258530906837378892019-11-14T14:50:00.001-08:002019-11-14T14:50:04.846-08:00The Most Influential Woman of the Past Millenium: Elizabeth Cady StantoThe Most Influential Woman of the Past Millenium: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Rosa Parks Elizabeth Cady Stanton If there had never been born an Elizabeth Cady Stanton, women may have never seen the rights and privileges granted to us in the Nineteenth Amendment. She was the leading fighter and driving force for women's rights; she dedicated her whole life to the struggle for equality. Elizabeth had learned from her father at an early age how to debate and win court cases, and she had also experienced the discriminations against women first hand. These two qualities lead to the most influential and motivating speeches against inequality when she was older. Elizabeth vowed to herself that she would "change how women were viewed in society" (Hildgard 2); and that, she did! Due to her strong belief in equality, she had the word "obey" removed from her wedding vow before she would marry Henry Brewster Stanton, an abolitionist, who "loved her haughty nature and strong will" (Raven 85). While partaking in their honeymoon, they attended the World's First Anti-slavery Convention in London, Stanton and Lucretia Mott were failed to be noticed as "legitimate delegates"(Read 417). The convention's sexual barrier humiliated and angered Stanton; she promised to start a women's convention to battle the issue of equality. A cause that she faught against for most of her lifetime. Eight years later, Stanton, along with four other women, held the first women's convention at Seneca Falls. Here hundreds of women met to discuss the fact that they had been denied their natural rights and religious freedom. The women used the Declaration of Independence to write the Declaration of Sentiments, which included the women's bil... ...king Press, 1972. "Hildgard." Distinguished Women, Fields of Activtity. Distinguished Women. 28 January 2000 . James, Edward T., et al ed. Notable Women. Volume I. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press. Martin, Linda, et al., eds. 1000 Makers of the Millenium. New York: DK Publishing, 1999. Raven, Susan, and Alison Weir. Women of Achievement. New York: Harmony Books, 1981. Read, Phyllis J., and Bernard L. Witlieb. The Book of Women's Firsts. New York: Random House, 1992. Saari, Peggy, ed. Prominent Women of the 20th Century. Volume 4. New York: International Thompson Publishing Company, 1996. Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. Eleanor of Acquitaine. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. "The National Women's Hall of Fame." Internet. 19 January 2000 . Aurora Devrieshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14864261915550846053noreply@blogger.com0